Objectives. To map US state Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) bans for individuals with felony drug convictions between 2004 and 2021. Methods. Using standard legal-mapping methodology, we categorized states as maintaining the lifetime ban imposed by federal law, modifying the lifetime ban, or fully opting out of the lifetime ban in each year. Among states with modified bans in 2021, we coded types of modifications. Results. As of 2021, 26 states and the District of Columbia fully opted out of the lifetime ban, 23 states modified bans, and 1 state maintained a lifetime ban. Among states with modified bans in 2021, 13 states required compliance with parole and probation, 12 states required drug treatment, 7 states required drug testing, and 9 states limited eligibility to certain populations. Conclusions. Most states effectively de-implemented the federal lifetime ban on SNAP for people with felony drug convictions by fully opting out or modifying bans over time. However, some states still had stringent modified ban provisions. Public Health Implications. These findings underscore the need to study the effects of this patchwork of drug conviction-related ban policies on substance use and nutrition-related outcomes. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print December 12, 2024:e1-e8. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307873).

中文翻译：

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限制重罪药物定罪者获得 SNAP 福利的法律：一项政策映射研究。


目标。绘制美国各州补充营养援助计划 （SNAP） 对 2004 年至 2021 年间被判犯有毒品重罪的个人的禁令。方法。使用标准的法律映射方法，我们将各州分类为维持联邦法律规定的终身禁令、修改终身禁令或每年完全选择退出终身禁令。在 2021 年修改禁令的州中，我们对修改类型进行了编码。结果。截至 2021 年，26 个州和哥伦比亚特区完全选择退出终身禁令，23 个州修改了禁令，1 个州维持了终身禁令。在 2021 年修改禁令的州中，13 个州要求遵守假释和缓刑，12 个州要求药物治疗，7 个州要求药物检测，9 个州将资格限制在特定人群。结论。大多数州通过完全选择退出或随着时间的推移修改禁令，有效地取消了对有重罪毒品定罪的人的 SNAP 的联邦终身禁令。然而，一些州仍然有严格的修改禁令条款。公共卫生影响。这些发现强调了研究这种与药物定罪相关的禁令政策拼凑对物质使用和营养相关结果的影响的必要性。（美国公共卫生杂志。2024 年 12 月 12 日提前在线发布：e1-e8。https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2024.307873）。