The frontier of artificial intelligence (AI) is constantly moving, raising fears and concerns whenever AI is deployed in a new occupation. Some of these fears are legitimate and should be addressed by AI developers-but others may result from psychological barriers, suppressing the uptake of a beneficial technology. Here, we show that country-level variations across occupations can be predicted by a psychological model at the individual level. Individual fears of AI in a given occupation are associated with the mismatch between psychological traits people deem necessary for an occupation and perceived potential of AI to possess these traits. Country-level variations can then be predicted by the joint cultural variations in psychological requirements and AI potential. We validated this preregistered prediction for six occupations (doctors, judges, managers, care workers, religious workers, and journalists) on a representative sample of 500 participants from each of 20 countries (total N = 10,000). Our findings may help develop best practices for designing and communicating about AI in a principled yet culturally sensitive way, avoiding one-size-fits-all approaches centered on Western values and perceptions. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

中文翻译：

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20 个国家/地区和 6 个应用领域对人工智能的担忧。


人工智能 （AI） 的前沿不断变化，每当人工智能被部署到新的职业中时，都会引发恐惧和担忧。其中一些担忧是合理的，应该由 AI 开发人员来解决——但其他恐惧可能是由心理障碍造成的，抑制了对有益技术的采用。在这里，我们表明，可以通过个人层面的心理学模型来预测不同职业的国家层面差异。个人对特定职业中 AI 的恐惧与人们认为职业所必需的心理特征与 AI 拥有这些特征的感知潜力之间的不匹配有关。然后，可以通过心理需求和 AI 潜力的联合文化差异来预测国家层面的差异。我们在来自 20 个国家/地区中每个国家的 500 名参与者（总计 N = 10,000）的代表性样本上验证了对六个职业（医生、法官、经理、护理工作者、宗教工作者和记者）的预注册预测。我们的研究结果可能有助于开发最佳实践，以有原则但具有文化敏感性的方式设计和交流 AI，避免以西方价值观和观念为中心的一刀切方法。（PsycInfo 数据库记录 （c） 2024 APA，保留所有权利）。