Sustainable electricity production is a key objective for many nations, achievable through hybrid renewable energy systems. This article examines sustainability within the industrial sector by integrating social indicators alongside environmental and economic indicators into the Pareto front solutions of various hybrid renewable energy systems for prioritization. It presents new findings on sustainability indicators for four configurations of hybrid renewable energy systems—photovoltaic panels, wind turbines, and wave energy converters—and proposes a systematic decision-making approach for their assessment and planning. The methodology is validated with a case study on a coastal city in Iran. Various hybridization scenarios are modeled and optimized considering the cost of electricity (economic), CO2 emissions (environmental), loss of power supply probability (reliability), and exergy efficiency (technical) to obtain the Pareto front. Sustainability indicators are subsequently employed to prioritize the various configurations and the Pareto-optimal solutions associated with each configuration. Results show that solar + wind is the most sustainable configuration, with a sustainability indicator of 0.89, followed by solar + wind + wave energy converter (0.63), solar (0.46), and solar + wave energy converter (0.63). As a novel contribution, the detrimental effect of humidity on PV output is evaluated in the optimization. The study also examines the impact of performance improvements on sustainability, considering the maximum achievable improvements for each technology by 2030. A sensitivity analysis is conducted to verify model accuracy and examine cost performance concerning uncertain parameters.

中文翻译：

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基于各种混合可再生能源系统情景 4E 优化的石化厂电力供应可持续性评估


可持续电力生产是许多国家的关键目标，可以通过混合可再生能源系统来实现。本文通过将社会指标与环境和经济指标整合到各种混合可再生能源系统的帕累托前沿解决方案中进行优先排序，研究了工业部门的可持续性。它提出了混合可再生能源系统四种配置（光伏板、风力涡轮机和波浪能转换器）的可持续性指标的新发现，并提出了一种系统化的评估和规划决策方法。该方法通过对伊朗沿海城市的案例研究进行了验证。考虑到电力成本（经济）、二氧化碳排放（环境）、供电概率损失（可靠性）和用能效率（技术），对各种混合动力场景进行建模和优化，以获得帕累托前沿。随后采用可持续性指标来确定各种配置的优先级以及与每种配置相关的帕累托最优解决方案。结果显示，太阳能 + 风能是最可持续的配置，可持续性指标为 0.89，其次是太阳能 + 风能 + 波浪能转换器 （0.63）、太阳能 （0.46） 和太阳能 + 波浪能转换器 （0.63）。作为一项新颖的贡献，在优化中评估了湿度对 PV 输出的不利影响。该研究还研究了性能改进对可持续性的影响，考虑了到 2030 年每种技术可实现的最大改进。进行敏感性分析以验证模型准确性并检查不确定参数的成本效益。