The high rate of cancer worldwide and the heavy costs imposed on governments and humanity have always motivated researchers to develop point-of-care (POC) biosensors for easy diagnosis and monitoring of cancer treatment. Herein, we report on a label-free impedimetric biosensor based on Ti₃C₂T_x MXene and imprinted ortho-phenylenediamine (o-PD) for the detection of carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), a biomarker for various cancers surveillance, especially colorectal cancer (CRC). Accordingly, MXene was drop-casted on the surface of a disposable silver electrode to increase the sensitivity and create high-energy nanoareas on the surface, which are usable for protein immobilization and detection. A self-assembled monolayer (SAM) was exploited for oriented CEA immobilization on the MXene-modified electrode. The monomer-protein interaction and successful protein removal were confirmed by molecular docking and atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigations to evaluate the quality of the fabricated molecularly imprinted polymer (MIP). Also, the role of MXene in increasing the electrical field inside the nanoareas was simulated using COMSOL Multiphysics software. A suitable limit of detection (9.41 ng/mL), an appropriate linear range of detection (10 to 100 ng/mL) in human serum, and a short detection time (10 min) resulted from the use of SAM/MIP next to MXene. This biosensor presented outstanding repeatability (97.60%) and reproducibility (98.61%). Moreover, acceptable accuracy (between 93.04 and 116.04%) in clinical serum samples was obtained compared with immunoassay results, indicating the high potential of our biosensor for real sample analysis. This biomimetic and disposable sensor provides a cost-effective method for facile and POC monitoring of cancer patients during treatment.

中文翻译：

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SAM 修饰的分子印迹电化学生物传感器的 MXene 纳米限制用于癌胚抗原的即时监测


全球癌症的高发病率以及政府和人类承受的沉重成本一直促使研究人员开发即时 （POC） 生物传感器，以便于诊断和监测癌症治疗。在此，我们报告了一种基于 Ti₃C₂T_x MXene 和印记邻苯二胺 （o-PD） 的无标记阻抗生物传感器，用于检测癌胚抗原 （CEA），这是一种用于各种癌症监测的生物标志物，尤其是结直肠癌 （CRC）。因此，将 MXene 滴铸在一次性银电极的表面上，以提高灵敏度并在表面产生高能纳米区域，可用于蛋白质固定和检测。自组装单层 （SAM） 被用于 MXene 修饰电极上的定向 CEA 固定。通过分子对接和原子力显微镜 （AFM） 研究证实了单体-蛋白质相互作用和成功的蛋白质去除，以评估制造的分子印迹聚合物 （MIP） 的质量。此外，使用 COMSOL Multiphysics 软件模拟了 MXene 在增加纳米区域内电场方面的作用。在 MXene 旁边使用 SAM/MIP 可获得合适的检测限 （9.41 ng/mL）、适当的线性检测范围（10 至 100 ng/mL）以及较短的检测时间（10 min）。该生物传感器具有出色的可重复性 （97.60%） 和可重复性 （98.61%）。此外，与免疫测定结果相比，临床血清样本的准确度（在 93.04 到 116.04% 之间）获得了可接受，这表明我们的生物传感器在真实样本分析中具有很高的潜力。 这种仿生和一次性传感器为癌症患者在治疗期间的简便和 POC 监测提供了一种经济高效的方法。