The global lithium-ion battery recycling capacity needs to increase by a factor of 50 in the next decade to meet the projected adoption of electric vehicles. During this expansion of recycling capacity, it is unclear which technologies are most appropriate to reduce costs and environmental impacts. Here, we describe the current and future recycling capacity situation and summarize methods for quantifying costs and environmental impacts of battery recycling methods with a focus on cathode active materials. Second use, electrification of pyrometallurgy and hydrometallurgy, direct recycling, and electrochemical recycling methods are discussed as leading-edge methods for overcoming state of the art battery recycling challenges. The paper ends with a discussion of future issues and considerations regarding solid-state batteries and co-optimization of battery design for recycling.

中文翻译：

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电池回收的新兴趋势和未来机遇


未来十年，全球锂离子电池回收能力需要增加 50 倍，才能满足电动汽车的预期采用需求。在扩大回收能力的过程中，尚不清楚哪些技术最适合降低成本和环境影响。在这里，我们描述了当前和未来的回收能力状况，并总结了量化电池回收方法的成本和环境影响的方法，重点是正极活性材料。讨论了火法冶金和湿法冶金的电气化、直接回收和电化学回收方法作为克服最先进的电池回收挑战的前沿方法。本文最后讨论了有关固态电池的未来问题和考虑因素，以及电池回收设计的协同优化。