Triterpenoids are natural products found in plants that exhibit industrial and agricultural importance. Triterpenoids are typically synthesized through two main pathways: the mevalonate (MVA) and methylerythritol 4-phosphate (MEP) pathways. They then undergo structural diversification with the help of squalene cyclases (OSCs), cytochrome P450 monooxygenases (P450s), UDP glycosyltransferases (UGTs), and acyltransferases (ATs). Advances in multiomics technologies for herbal plants have led to the identification of novel triterpenoid biosynthetic pathways. The application of various analytical techniques facilitates the qualitative and quantitative analysis of triterpenoids. Progress in synthetic biology and metabolic engineering has also facilitated the heterologous production of triterpenoids in microorganisms, such as Escherichia coli and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. This review summarizes recent advances in biotechnological approaches aimed at elucidating the complex pathway of triterpenoid biosynthesis. It also discusses the metabolic engineering strategies employed to increase the level of triterpenoid production in chassis cells.

中文翻译：

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草药多组学为工程微生物的基因发现和三萜类化合物的生物生产提供了见解


三萜类化合物是在具有工业和农业重要性的植物中发现的天然产物。三萜类化合物通常通过两个主要途径合成：甲羟戊酸酯 （MVA） 和 4-磷酸甲基赤藓糖醇 （MEP） 途径。然后，它们在角鲨烯环化酶 （OSC）、细胞色素 P450 单加氧酶 （P450）、UDP 糖基转移酶 （UGT） 和酰基转移酶 （AT） 的帮助下进行结构多样化。草药植物多组学技术的进步导致了新型三萜类生物合成途径的鉴定。各种分析技术的应用有助于对三萜类化合物进行定性和定量分析。合成生物学和代谢工程的进步也促进了微生物中三萜类化合物的异源产生，例如大肠杆菌和酿酒酵母。本综述总结了旨在阐明三萜类化合物生物合成复杂途径的生物技术方法的最新进展。它还讨论了用于提高底盘细胞中三萜类化合物产生水平的代谢工程策略。