The consumption of organophosphorus flame retardants (OPFRs) has surged significantly recent years since global banning of brominated flame retardants (BFRs). Industrial activities are an important source of OPFRs, however there are few studies on OPFRs contamination in the indoor and outdoor atmosphere of industrial areas. A study was conducted to analyze contamination of 15 OPFRs individuals in both indoor and outdoor air and PM_2.5 of living and industrial sites of the petrochemical industrial area (outdoor and indoor sites of living area was LO and LI, outdoor and indoor sites of industrial area was LO and LI).The average concentrations of OPFRs in PM_2.5 of LO (16.40 ng/m³) and IO (17.83 ng/m³) were similar, while LI (60.46 ng/m³) was higher than that in II (33.43 ng/m³). The average concentrations of indoor OPFR in PM_2.5 and air in summer were 4.10 and 2.22 times higher than those in winter, respectively This seasonal concentration variation of OPFRs may attribute to the influence of temperature that accelerated the releasing of OPFRs from materials. Alkyl-OPFRs and Cl-OPFRs were the dominant OPFRs in air and PM_2.5, respectively. The indoor/outdoor (I/O) ratios of OPFRs and correlation of OPFRs with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) indicated that the indoor source (material emission) was the dominant contributors of indoor OPFRs in PM_2.5 and air, and outdoor sources (industrial and traffic sources) had significant contribution to OPFRs in indoor and outdoor air and outdoor PM_2.5. The gas-particle partitioning of OPFRs had not reached equilibrium state, and absorption mechanism dominated. The Harner-Bidleman (H-B) model has better fitting effect for OPFRs with logK_OA > 10. The health risk of OPFRs for both adult and child were neglectable. While considering the high contribution of TCEP to carcinogenic risk, and high contribution of TCPP to none-carcinogenic risk, their health risk should be given special attention.

中文翻译：

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华北石化工业区室内外大气有机磷阻燃剂 （OPFR） 的比较：发生、气体-PM2.5 分布、来源指定和健康影响


自全球禁止溴化阻燃剂 （BFR） 以来，近年来有机磷阻燃剂 （OPFR） 的消费量大幅增加。工业活动是 OPFRs 的重要来源，但关于工业区室内外大气中 OPFRs 污染的研究很少。进行了一项研究，分析了 15 个 OPFRs 个体在室内和室外空气以及石化工业区生活和工业场所 PM _2.5 中的污染 （生活区室外和室内场地为 LO 和 LI，工业区室外和室内场地为 LO 和 LI）。LO （16.40 ng/m ³ ） 和 IO （17.83 ng/m ³ ） 的 PM _2.5 中 OPFRs 的平均浓度相似，而 LI （60.46 ng/m ³ ） 高于 II （33.43 ng/m ³ ）。夏季 PM _2.5 和空气中室内 OPFR 的平均浓度分别是冬季的 4.10 和 2.22 倍。OPFRs 的这种季节性浓度变化可能归因于温度的影响，加速了 OPFRs 从材料中释放。烷基-OPFRs 和 Cl-OPFRs 分别是空气和 PM _2.5 中的主要 OPFRs。OPFRs 的室内/室外 （I/O） 比值以及 OPFRs 与多环芳烃 （PAHs） 的相关性表明，室内源（材料排放）是 PM _2.5 和空气中 OPFRs 的主要贡献者，室外源（工业和交通源）对室内和室外空气 PM _2.5 中的 OPFRs 有显著贡献。OPFRs 的气粒分配尚未达到平衡状态，吸收机制占主导地位。 Harner-Bidleman （H-B） 模型对 logK _OA > 10 的 OPFRs 具有较好的拟合效果。OPFRs 对成人和儿童的健康风险都可忽略不计。在考虑 TCEP 对致癌风险的高贡献以及 TCPP 对非致癌风险的高贡献的同时，应特别关注他们的健康风险。