Anthropogenic rapid warming has caused decreases in richness and body mass of birds following the metabolic theory of ecology; yet, the pervasiveness of these shifts remains controversial among different taxa. Here, by combining phylogenetic methods and fossil data, we synthesized spatial patterns of richness and body mass for 328 seabird species belonging to two groups: Procellariimorphae (PM) and non‐Procellariimorphae (NPM). We found that the relationship between body mass and richness, as well as diversification rate, exhibits distinct patterns in these two groups. Ancestral state reconstruction analyses indicate that smaller PM, as opposed to NPM seabirds, evolved in warmer waters from larger ancestors and exhibited a slower diversification rate. Different ancestral climatic origins explain the reduced influence of environmental factors on richness patterns among PM compared to NPM seabirds. Furthermore, whereas NPM seabirds in high latitudes face a high extinction risk, warmer sea temperatures positively correlate with a high extinction risk among PM seabirds. Our results indicate that PM seabirds, evolving from cold waters, have reduced body mass and diversification rate, making them more vulnerable to warmer temperature.

中文翻译：

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温暖的温度与体重减少和多样化率有关，同时增加了适应寒冷的海鸟的灭绝风险


人为的快速变暖导致鸟类的丰富度和体重下降，遵循生态学的新陈代谢理论;然而，这些转变的普遍性在不同的分类群中仍然存在争议。在这里，通过结合系统发育方法和化石数据，我们综合了 328 种海鸟的丰富度和体重的空间模式，这些海鸟属于两组：Procellariimorphae （PM） 和非 Procellariimorphae （NPM）。我们发现体重和丰富度之间的关系以及多样化率在这两组中表现出不同的模式。祖先状态重建分析表明，与 NPM 海鸟相反，较小的 PM 是从较大的祖先在温暖的水域中进化而来的，并且表现出较慢的多样化速度。不同的祖先气候起源解释了与 NPM 海鸟相比，环境因素对 PM 丰富度模式的影响较小。此外，虽然高纬度地区的 NPM 海鸟面临很高的灭绝风险，但温暖的海水温度与 PM 海鸟的高灭绝风险呈正相关。我们的结果表明，从冷水进化而来的 PM 海鸟的体重和多样化速度降低，使它们更容易受到温暖温度的影响。