Electric vehicles (EVs) are on the brink of revolutionizing transportation, but the current lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) used in them have significant limitations in terms of fast-charging capabilities and energy density. This feature article begins by examining the key challenges of using graphite for fast charging and silicon for achieving high energy density in LIBs. Firstly, it explores various design strategies employed by researchers worldwide to improve the fast-charging performance of graphite, such as surface coatings, morphological modifications, and binder design. However, instead of modifying graphite, a more effective approach is to use materials with inherently beneficial properties—specifically, hard carbons. The article then reviews the design strategies for increasing capacity while maintaining structural stability in silicon-based anodes, including encapsulated structures and embedded matrices. Overall, this article provides a comprehensive overview of diverse approaches aimed at advancing both fast-charging capability and energy density in LIBs.

中文翻译：

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通过基于杂原子的负极架构提高锂离子电池的性能，实现快速充电和高容量


电动汽车 （EV） 即将彻底改变交通方式，但目前用于其中的锂离子电池 （LIB） 在快速充电能力和能量密度方面存在重大限制。本专题文章首先研究了使用石墨进行快速充电和硅在 LIB 中实现高能量密度的主要挑战。首先，它探索了世界各地研究人员采用的各种设计策略来提高石墨的快速充电性能，例如表面涂层、形态改性和粘合剂设计。然而，与其改性石墨，不如使用具有固有有益特性的材料，特别是硬碳。然后，本文回顾了在硅基负极（包括封装结构和嵌入式基质）中增加容量同时保持结构稳定性的设计策略。总体而言，本文全面概述了旨在提高 LIB 快速充电能力和能量密度的各种方法。