The human body is an intricate ensemble of prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells, and this coexistence relies on the interplay of many biotic and abiotic factors. The inhabiting microbial population has to maintain its physiological homeostasis under highly dynamic and often hostile host environments. While bacterial colonization primarily relies on the metabolic suitability for the niche, there are reports of active remodeling of niche microenvironments to create favorable habitats, especially in the context of pathogenic settlement. Such physiological plasticity requires a robust metabolic system, often dependent on an adaptable energy metabolism. This review focuses on the respiratory electron transport system and its adaptive consequences within the host environment. We provide an overview of respiratory chain plasticity, which allows pathogenic bacteria to niche-specify, niche-diversify, mitigate inflammatory stress, and outcompete the resident microbiota. We have reviewed existing and emerging knowledge about the role of respiratory chain components responsible for the entry and exit of electrons in influencing the pathogenic outcomes.

中文翻译：

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生态位和呼吸网络在塑造细菌定植中的相互作用。


人体是原核细胞和真核细胞的错综复杂的集合体，这种共存依赖于许多生物和非生物因子的相互作用。栖息的微生物种群必须在高度动态且通常充满敌意的宿主环境中保持其生理稳态。虽然细菌定植主要依赖于生态位的代谢适宜性，但有报道称生态位微环境的积极重塑以创造有利的栖息地，尤其是在病原定居的情况下。这种生理可塑性需要一个强大的代谢系统，通常依赖于适应性强的能量代谢。本文重点介绍呼吸电子传输系统及其在宿主环境中的适应性后果。我们概述了呼吸链可塑性，它允许病原菌进行生态位指定、生态位多样化、减轻炎症应激并超越常驻微生物群。我们回顾了关于负责电子进入和退出的呼吸链成分在影响致病结果中的作用的现有和新兴知识。