Fluid–fluid interfaces are an attractive platform for self-assembling nanoparticles into low-dimensional materials. In this Perspective, we review recent developments in the use of interfaces to direct the assembly of spherical and anisotropic nanoparticles into diverse and sophisticated architectures. We illustrate how nanoparticle clusters, strings, networks, superlattices, chiral lattices, and quasicrystals can be self-assembled by harnessing the frustration between interfacial and interparticle forces. We highlight the role of polymeric ligands attached to the surface of nanoparticles in modulating assembly behavior by directly altering particle–fluid and particle–particle interactions or by deforming at interfaces and junctions between particles. We conclude by providing a roadmap of key questions and opportunities in this exciting field of interfacial assembly.

中文翻译：

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从挫折到有序：流体-流体界面在纳米颗粒精密组装中的作用


流体-流体界面是将纳米颗粒自组装成低维材料的一个有吸引力的平台。在这个视角中，我们回顾了使用界面将球形和各向异性纳米粒子组装成多样化和复杂结构的最新发展。我们说明了纳米粒子簇、弦、网络、超晶格、手性晶格和准晶体如何通过利用界面力和粒子间力之间的挫折来实现自组装。我们强调了附着在纳米颗粒表面的聚合物配体通过直接改变颗粒-流体和颗粒-颗粒相互作用或通过在颗粒之间的界面和连接处变形来调节组装行为中的作用。最后，我们提供了界面组装这一令人兴奋的领域中的关键问题和机遇的路线图。