Spiro-OMeTAD has served as a crucial hole transporting material (HTM) in the advancement of efficient perovskite solar cells (PSCs). However, the diminished thermal stability of lithium-doped Spiro-OMeTAD (Li-Spiro) has been a limiting factor, leading to a significant decline of the power conversion efficiency (PCE) and stability, particularly at a temperature exceeding 65 °C. Here, we report an upgraded HTM, Spiro-OMeCzCl, by incorporating chloroethyl-modified carbazole units to expand the conjugated area of the donor group. This novel configuration significantly enhances the thermal stability and film quality. The resulting PSCs utilizing Spiro-OMeCzCl achieved a high PCE of 24.6%, coupled with exceptional long-term stability. The target cells maintained approximately 95% of their initial PCE after 57 days under a nitrogen atmosphere. Importantly, in subsequent thermal stability tests involving a gradual temperature increase, the cells sustained an average PCE of over 85% after 200 h at temperatures ranging from 60 to 90 °C.

中文翻译：

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用 β-氯乙基咔唑升级 Spiro-OMeTAD 以提高钙钛矿太阳能电池的稳定性


Spiro-OMeTAD 已成为高效钙钛矿太阳能电池 （PSC） 发展的关键空穴传输材料 （HTM）。然而，掺锂 Spiro-OMeTAD （Li-Spiro） 的热稳定性降低一直是一个限制因素，导致功率转换效率 （PCE） 和稳定性显着下降，尤其是在超过 65 °C 的温度下。 在这里，我们报道了一种升级的 HTM，即 Spiro-OMeCzCl，通过掺入氯乙基修饰的咔唑单元来扩大供体组的共轭区域。这种新颖的配置显著提高了热稳定性和薄膜质量。使用 Spiro-OMeCzCl 得到的 PSC 实现了 24.6% 的高 PCE，以及出色的长期稳定性。在氮气气氛下 57 天后，靶细胞保持了大约 95% 的初始 PCE。重要的是，在随后涉及温度逐渐升高的热稳定性测试中，电池在 60 至 90 °C 的温度范围内 200 小时后保持了超过 85% 的平均 PCE。