Bilirubin (BR), with diverse physiological functions and health implications, is a vital biomarker related to liver diseases such as jaundice and hepatitis. It is generally tested by blood. Sweat wearable devices provide a noninvasive way to monitor BR but face challenges in stability and selectivity, and acquiring sufficient sweat is difficult for sedentary individuals. This study introduces an innovative autonomous sweating wearable platform for noninvasive monitoring of bilirubin levels. The platform incorporates an autonomous heating film for controlled sweat extraction, a skin-interfaced microfluidic system for efficient sweat sampling, and a flexible electrode for accurate BR sensing. The utilization of MXene/MWCNT in the platform enables precise and sensitive electrochemical detection of trace-level BR directly on the skin. The integration of a laser-engraved flexible heating film and a microfluidic system allows for controlled and reliable sweat sampling, enabling easy biomarker detection at rest. The platform demonstrates effective sweat sampling and accurate BR detection, showcasing its potential for noninvasive health monitoring applications. Its design and functionality offer a promising solution for continuous and convenient monitoring of BR levels, providing a novel approach to sweat biomarker analysis.

中文翻译：

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基于热刺激的胆红素传感自主出汗可穿戴平台


胆红素 （BR） 具有不同的生理功能和健康影响，是与黄疸和肝炎等肝脏疾病相关的重要生物标志物。一般用血来检测。Sweat 可穿戴设备提供了一种无创监测 BR 的方法，但在稳定性和选择性方面面临挑战，并且对于久坐不动的人来说很难获得足够的汗液。本研究介绍了一种创新的自主出汗可穿戴平台，用于无创监测胆红素水平。该平台包括一个用于受控汗液提取的自主加热膜、一个用于高效汗液采样的皮肤接口微流体系统，以及一个用于准确 BR 传感的柔性电极。在平台中使用 MXene/MWCNT 可以直接对皮肤上的痕量级 BR 进行精确、灵敏的电化学检测。激光雕刻的柔性加热膜和微流体系统的集成允许受控和可靠的汗液采样，从而在静止时轻松检测生物标志物。该平台展示了有效的汗液采样和准确的 BR 检测，展示了其在无创健康监测应用中的潜力。其设计和功能为连续方便地监测 BR 水平提供了一种有前途的解决方案，为汗液生物标志物分析提供了一种新颖的方法。