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Stoichiometry effect on the structure, coordination and anticancer activity of gold(I/III) bisphosphine complexes
Dalton Transactions ( IF 3.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-12 , DOI: 10.1039/d4dt01663g
Adedamola S. Arojojoye, Justin Holmes, Oluwatosin A. Obisesan, Sean Parkin, Samuel G. Awuah

Rationalizing the impact of oxidation states of Au-based complexes on function require synthetic strategies that allow for conserved molecular formula in Au(I) and their Au(III) counterparts. Oftentimes achieving Au(I) and Au(III) coordination complexes with the same ligand system is challenging due to the reactivity and stability of the starting Au(I) or Au(III) starting materials. Thus, attempts to study the impact of oxidation state on biological function has been elusive. We posit that Au complexes with the same ligand framework but different oxidation states will affect complex geometry and hence elicit differences in biological function or mechanism. In this work, we reacted 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene with respective Au starting materials in different mole ratios to facilitate the synthesis of structurally distinct Au(I) or Au(III) complexes. Briefly, by reacting two stoichiometric equivalents of HAuCl4·3H2O or AuCl3(tht) with one equivalent of 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene, we obtained dicationic bis-[1,2-bis-(diphenylphosphino)benzene]gold(III) chloride whereas an equimolar ratio of HAuCl4·3H2O and 1,2-bis(diphenylphosphino)benzene gave the monocationic bis-[1,2-bis-(diphenylphosphino)benzene]gold(I) complex in moderate yield. The complexes were characterized spectroscopically by HRMS, RP-HPLC-MS, NMR and the purity ascertained by elemental analysis. The 31P NMR showed characteristic singlet peak at ∼22 ppm for the Au(I) complexes and ∼57 ppm for the Au(III) complexes. The structure of the Au(III) complexes was further confirmed by X-ray crystallography as a 5-coordinate Au(III) complex. Although both Au(I) and Au(III) complexes showed promising anticancer activity in MDA-MB-231 (breast cancer) and BT-333 (glioblastoma) cancer cell lines and inhibited maximal mitochondria respiration in MDA-MB-231 cells, the Au(III) complexes further induce ROS accumulation and facilitate depolarization of the mitochondria membrane potential in MDA-MB-231 cells. Taken together, the synthetic approach provides a way to elucidate the effect of Au(I)/Au(III) oxidation states on structure, activity, and potential mechanism with respect to the same ligand.

中文翻译:


化学计量对金 (I/III) 双膦配合物结构、配位和抗癌活性的影响



合理化 Au 基复合物的氧化态对功能的影响需要合成策略,允许在 Au() 及其 Au(III) 对应物中使用保守的分子式。通常,由于起始 Au() 或 Au(III) 起始材料的反应性和稳定性,使用相同的配体系统获得 Au() 和 Au(III) 配位配合物是具有挑战性的。因此,研究氧化态对生物功能影响的尝试一直难以捉摸。我们假设具有相同配体框架但氧化态不同的 Au 配合物会影响复杂的几何形状,从而引起生物功能或机制的差异。在这项工作中,我们将 1,2-双(二苯基膦基)苯与相应的 Au 起始材料以不同的摩尔比反应,以促进结构不同的 Au() 或 Au(III) 配合物的合成。简而言之,通过将 HAuCl4·3H2O 或 AuCl3(tht) 的两个化学计量当量与一个当量的 1,2-双(二苯基膦基)苯反应,我们得到了二元双 - [1,2-双-(二苯基膦基)苯] 金 (III) 氯化物,而 HAuCl4·3H2 的等摩尔比O 和 1,2-双(二苯基膦基)苯以中等产率得到单阳离子双 [1,2-双-(二苯基膦基)苯] 金 () 配合物。通过 HRMS、RP-HPLC-MS、NMR 对复合物进行光谱表征,并通过元素分析确定纯度。31P NMR 显示 Au() 配合物的特征单线态峰约为 22 ppm,Au(III) 配合物的单线态峰约为 57 ppm。 X 射线晶体学进一步证实了 Au(III) 配合物的结构为 5 配位 Au(III) 配合物。尽管 Au() 和 Au(III) 复合物在 MDA-MB-231 (乳腺癌) 和 BT-333 (胶质母细胞瘤) 癌细胞系中均显示出有希望的抗癌活性,并抑制了 MDA-MB-231 细胞中线粒体呼吸的最大性,但 Au (III) 复合物进一步诱导 ROS 积累并促进 MDA-MB-231 细胞中线粒体膜电位的去极化。综上所述,合成方法提供了一种阐明 Au()/Au(III) 氧化态对同一配体的结构、活性和潜在机制的影响的方法。
更新日期:2024-12-17
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