In the current work, green vegetable waste (lettuce leaves, Swiss chard stems, and cucumber peel) was functionalized using sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and subsequently composited with chitosan to develop a biocomposite (starting now, CHT/GVW-HS) for effectively removing methylene blue (MB) dye from water. The adsorption variables, including CHT/GVW-HS dosage (0.03–0.09 g), removal time (10–90 min), and pH (4–10), were optimized using Box-Behnken Design (BBD). The BBD model's findings indicate that the ideal values for achieving maximum removal of MB (98.57 %) are a pH of approximately 10, a dose of CHT/GVW-HS of 0.065 g, and a contact duration of 88 min. The experimental results of MB adsorption by CHT/GVW-HS were in agreement with pseudo-first-order and the Freundlich models. The biomaterial exhibited a high adsorption capacity of 296.83 mg/g for CHT/GVW-HS, indicating its strong ability to adsorb MB. The adsorption route of MB on the CHT/GVW-HS involves various interactions like electrostatic, n-π, Yoshida H-bonding, and H-bonding. The study promotes the production of sustainable adsorbents using waste biomass and biopolymers to efficiently eliminate dyes from wastewater. The current work contributes to several Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), such as Life Below Water, Clean Water and Sanitation, Climate Action, and Responsible Consumption and Production.

中文翻译：

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以壳聚糖为生物吸附剂复合的绿色蔬菜废弃物有效去除水中亚甲蓝染料的理化与吸附特性


在目前的工作中，绿色蔬菜废弃物（生菜叶、瑞士甜菜茎和黄瓜皮）使用硫酸 （H2SO4） 进行功能化，随后与壳聚糖复合开发生物复合材料（从现在开始，CHT/GVW-HS）可有效去除水中的亚甲基蓝 （MB） 染料。采用 Box-Behnken 设计 （BBD） 优化吸附变量，包括 CHT/GVW-HS 用量 （0.03–0.09 g）、去除时间 （10–90 min） 和 pH 值 （4–10）。BBD 模型的结果表明，实现最大去除 MB （98.57%） 的理想值是 pH 值约为 10，CHT/GVW-HS 剂量为 0.065 g，接触持续时间为 88 分钟。CHT/GVW-HS吸附MB的实验结果与准一级模型和Freundlich模型一致。该生物材料对 CHT/GVW-HS 表现出 296.83 mg/g 的高吸附容量，表明其对 MB 的吸附能力很强。MB 在 CHT/GVW-HS 上的吸附途径涉及各种相互作用，如静电、n-π、Yoshida H 键和 H 键。该研究促进了使用废弃生物质和生物聚合物生产可持续吸附剂，以有效消除废水中的染料。目前的工作有助于实现多个可持续发展目标 （SDG），例如水下生物、清洁饮水和卫生设施、气候行动以及负责任的消费和生产。