The H2 produced by the electrolysis process is classified as green energy. However, in conventional water electrolysis, H2 is produced at the cathode and low-value O2 is produced at the anode. In addition, the energy required to produce H2 increases due to the sluggish kinetics of the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). By replacing water with biomass and its derivatives at the anode, H2 can be produced at the cathode with less energy consumption, while value-added products such as formic acid, 2,5-furandicarboxylic acid (FDCA), 2-furoic acid, formate, acetate can be produced at the anode. Since the use of biomass-derived products instead of water in the electrolysis process is of strategic importance, this review focuses on the electrolysis of biomass and its derivatives. Through a comprehensive survey of numerous studies, the basic principles of the use of catalysts (electrocatalysts or redox mediators) in the electrolysis of biomass and derived products are explained. In conclusion, the causes of the current findings are comprehensively analyzed and important suggestions for solving these problems are given, opening new doors for future studies.

中文翻译：

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对生物质和衍生原料电解生产 H2 和增值化学品的综合分析


电解过程产生的 H2 被归类为绿色能源。然而，在传统的水电解中，H2 在阴极产生，低值 O2 在阳极产生。此外，由于析氧反应 （OER） 的动力学缓慢，产生 H2 所需的能量增加。通过在阳极用生物质及其衍生物代替水，可以在阴极以更少的能耗生产 H2，同时可以在阳极生产甲酸、2,5-呋喃二羧酸 （FDCA）、2-呋喃酸、甲酸盐、乙酸盐等增值产品。由于在电解过程中使用生物质衍生产品代替水具有战略意义，因此本文重点介绍生物质及其衍生物的电解。通过对大量研究的全面调查，解释了在电解生物质和衍生产品中使用催化剂（电催化剂或氧化还原介质）的基本原理。总之，全面分析了当前发现的原因，并给出了解决这些问题的重要建议，为未来的研究打开了新的大门。