In reaction to terrorism, current research shows that discriminatory attitudes against immigrant populations among native populations sometimes increase. However, it is unclear if native populations respond to threats with a specifically targeted anti-immigrant sentiment or whether there is a general increase in anti-immigrant views that spill over to other minority groups. Furthermore, plausible processes explaining the spread of anti-immigration sentiment to larger immigrant populations are largely underexplored in the research. This article analyzes the impact of terrorist attacks on anti-Muslim sentiment and spillover effects on groups seemingly unrelated to the attacks. Using the coincidental timing of the European Social Survey and the attack on Charlie Hebdo, we investigate the effects of terrorism on anti-immigrant attitudes toward Muslim, Jewish, and Roma minorities. Second, in accordance with symbolic boundary theory, we investigate whether the Charlie Hebdo attack increased discriminatory attitudes toward immigrant characteristics and argue that these spillover effects are partially attributable to such changes. Our findings show that the Charlie Hebdo attack was associated with increased anti-immigrant sentiment toward all three groups to a comparable degree and that these effects are partially explained by intensified racial and religious boundaries. Furthermore, we find that the association between the attack and increases in racial and religious boundaries, as well as discriminatory attitudes toward all studied minorities, is stronger in countries with historically low immigration reception. Our study finds that where discriminatory processes are activated, they are not manifested through precise social categorization but rather using generalized minority characteristics.

中文翻译：

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“我们中没有一个人”：伊斯兰恐怖主义之后，反移民情绪蔓延到多个移民群体


作为对恐怖主义的回应，目前的研究表明，本地人口对移民的歧视态度有时会增加。然而，目前尚不清楚本地居民是否以专门针对性的反移民情绪来应对威胁，或者反移民观点是否普遍增加并蔓延到其他少数群体。此外，解释反移民情绪向更多移民群体传播的合理过程在研究中在很大程度上没有得到充分探索。本文分析了恐怖袭击对反穆斯林情绪的影响，以及对看似与袭击无关的群体的溢出效应。利用欧洲社会调查和对《查理周刊》的袭击的巧合时间，我们调查了恐怖主义对穆斯林、犹太人和罗姆人少数群体的反移民态度的影响。其次，根据符号边界理论，我们调查了《查理周刊》袭击是否增加了对移民特征的歧视态度，并认为这些溢出效应部分归因于这种变化。我们的研究结果表明，《查理周刊》袭击事件与对所有三个群体的反移民情绪增加有相当程度的关联，而这些影响部分是由种族和宗教界限的加剧来解释的。此外，我们发现，在历史上移民接受度较低的国家，袭击与种族和宗教界限的增加以及对所有研究的少数族裔的歧视态度之间的关联更强。 我们的研究发现，在歧视过程被激活的地方，它们不是通过精确的社会分类来表现的，而是使用普遍的少数群体特征来表现的。