With the release of Gaia DR3, we extend the comparison between dynamical models for the Milky Way rotation curve initiated in the previous work. Utilising astrometric and spectro-photometric data for 719143 young disc stars within |z| < 1 kpc and up to R ≃ 19 kpc, we investigate the accuracy of MOND and ΛCDM frameworks in addition to previously studied models, such as the classical one with a Navarro-Frenk-White dark matter halo and a general relativistic model. We find that all models, including MOND and ΛCDM, are statistically equivalent in representing the observed rotational velocities. However, ΛCDM, characterized by an Einasto density profile and cosmological constraints on its parameters, assigns more dark matter than the model featuring a Navarro-Frenk-White profile, with the virial mass estimated at 1.5–2.5 × 1012 M⊙ — a value significantly higher than recent literature estimates. Beyond 10–15 kpc, non-Newtonian/non-baryonic contributions to the rotation curve are found to become dominant for all models consistently. Our results suggest the need for further exploration into the role of General Relativity, dark matter, and alternative theories of gravitational dynamics in shaping Milky Way's rotation curve.

中文翻译：

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用 Gaia DR3 探索银河系旋转曲线：ΛCDM、MOLD 和广义相对论方法的比较


随着 Gaia DR3 的发布，我们扩展了之前工作中开始的银河系旋转曲线动力学模型之间的比较。利用天体测量和分光光度数据来719143 |z|< 1 kpc 和 R ≃ 19 kpc，除了以前研究的模型外，我们还研究了 MOND 和 ΛCDM 框架的准确性，例如具有纳瓦罗-弗伦克-怀特暗物质晕的经典模型和广义相对论模型。我们发现，所有模型，包括 MOND 和 ΛCDM，在表示观察到的旋转速度方面在统计上是等效的。然而，ΛCDM 以 Einasto 密度分布和对其参数的宇宙学限制为特征，比具有 Navarro-Frenk-White 分布的模型分配了更多的暗物质，维里质量估计为 1.5-2.5 × 1012 M⊙——这个值明显高于最近的文献估计。超过 10-15 kpc，发现非牛顿/非重子对旋转曲线的贡献在所有模型中始终占主导地位。我们的结果表明，需要进一步探索广义相对论、暗物质和引力动力学的替代理论在塑造银河系旋转曲线中的作用。