The subsoil contains valuable nutrient and water resources for crop production, but root growth and therefore resource access can be impeded by compact soil layers. Large-sized biopores formed by perennial taprooted crop species with large root diameters and deep-rooting habit such as chicory and lucerne or anecic earthworms can provide pathways through compacted subsoil layers. Following annual crops may derive benefits from improved root growth, water and nutrient uptake.

中文翻译：

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多年生饲料作物产生的生物孔隙是否能改善后续一年生作物的生长？多个现场实验的综合


底土含有用于作物生产的宝贵养分和水资源，但致密的土壤层可能会阻碍根系生长，从而阻碍资源的获取。由多年生主根作物物种形成的大尺寸生物孔，这些物种具有较大的根径和深根习性，如菊苣和苜蓿或蚯蚓，可以提供穿过压实底土层的途径。以下一年生作物可能会从改善根系生长、水分和养分吸收中受益。