The productivity of grazing-based dairy systems is driven in large part by availability of nitrogen (N) as it cycles though the soil, plant and animal. However, N use efficiency (NUE) is generally less than 40 % with significant N losses attributed to animal excreted N, especially urinary N, due to high N concentrations deposited.

中文翻译：

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多年生草牧场模拟放牧轮作期间尿液和肥料施用的氮吸收和浸出


以放牧为基础的乳品系统的生产力在很大程度上取决于氮 （N） 的可用性，因为它在土壤、植物和动物中循环。然而，氮利用效率 （NUE） 通常低于 40%，由于高 N 浓度沉积，动物排泄的 N，尤其是尿 N，导致了显著的 N 损失。