A longstanding maxim of urban research is that neighbourhood reputations matter. The subjective narratives and stereotypes about a neighbourhood influence a range of consequential processes, outcomes and inequalities. Yet, there remains considerable ambiguity regarding the primary drivers of the neighbourhood status hierarchy. What are the primary factors responsible for neighbourhood reputations? How and why do reputations change over time? Unfortunately, efforts to answer such questions have been hampered by methodological limitations, most notably the lack of a universal measure allowing comparisons between every neighbourhood in a given city. In an effort to address this shortcoming, this article offers a novel computational approach for generating a systematic measure, which we refer to as a ‘neighbourhood reputation score’. Leveraging a sentiment analysis method to examine every newspaper article published by the Chicago Tribune mentioning at least one of Chicago’s 77 community areas across five decades, we find that neighbourhood reputation scores are negatively associated with the proportion of Black residents in a neighbourhood. Although the strength of the relationship between ethno-racial composition and reputation increases over time, neighbourhoods in Chicago did not experience sufficient compositional shifts to assess whether demographic changes lead to reputational changes. These findings represent the most systematic evidence to date in support of the theory that ethno-racial stigma is the most influential driver of the neighbourhood status hierarchy.

中文翻译：

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邻里声誉从何而来？使用系统性的邻里声誉评分分析芝加哥社区区域，1985-2020 年


城市研究的一个长期格言是，社区声誉很重要。关于社区的主观叙述和刻板印象会影响一系列重要的过程、结果和不平等。然而，关于社区地位等级制度的主要驱动因素仍然存在相当大的模糊性。影响邻里声誉的主要因素是什么？声誉如何以及为什么会随着时间的推移而变化？不幸的是，回答这些问题的努力受到方法论限制的阻碍，最明显的是缺乏一个通用的衡量标准，允许在给定城市的每个社区之间进行比较。为了解决这个缺点，本文提供了一种新颖的计算方法来生成系统度量，我们称之为 “邻里声誉分数”。利用情感分析方法检查《芝加哥论坛报》在五十年中发表的每篇报纸文章，这些文章至少提到了芝加哥 77 个社区区域中的一个，我们发现社区声誉得分与社区中黑人居民的比例呈负相关。尽管民族种族构成与声誉之间的关系强度随着时间的推移而增加，但芝加哥的社区没有经历足够的构成转变来评估人口变化是否会导致声誉变化。这些发现代表了迄今为止最系统的证据，支持种族耻辱是邻里地位等级制度最有影响力的驱动因素的理论。