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Environmental Indicators for Assessment of Circular Economy (CE) Implementation in the Water and Wastewater Sector
Business Strategy and the Environment ( IF 12.5 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-11 , DOI: 10.1002/bse.4090
Marzena Smol, Alfonso Mejia, Massimo Gastaldi, Idiano D'Adamo

Water and wastewater sector actively participates in circular economy (CE) transition; however, there is no official CE monitoring framework to measure the level of progress toward the CE model in this sector. The paper presents a set of environmental indicators that could support water and wastewater treatment companies in the assessment of CE implementation. CE indicators were grouped into six areas of CE implementation in this sector: reduction—prevention of wastewater generation; reclamation (removal)—contamination removal from water and wastewater; reuse—water reuse for nonpotable usage; recycling—water reuse for potable usage; recovery—recovery of raw materials and energy from water‐based waste; and rethink—rethinking use of raw materials. The following indicators were proposed in specific CE areas: reduction—tap water consumption reduction, wastewater generation reduction, waste reduction, sewage sludge generation reduction, and water footprint; reclamation—pollutants removal from water and pollutants removal from wastewater; reuse—water reuse from wastewater for nonpotable usage and recycling of technical water for nonpotable usage; recycling—water reuse from wastewater for potable usage; recovery—raw materials recovery, bio‐based fertilizers, energy recovery, processing of sewage sludge, composting of sewage sludge, biogas production, and processing of ashes; and rethinkCE technologies, life cycle assessment reports, CE products, and CE business models, industrial symbiosis, and carbon footprint. The proposed CE indicators can be used not only to assess the level of transformation toward CE but also to support further policies on strategic CE initiatives in organizations operating in the water and wastewater sector. Moreover, they could support the strategic planning of further CE initiatives in organizations. The proposed list of CE indicators is not closed because in the coming years, more and more CE solutions are expected to be developed and implemented in water and wastewater treatment plant companies, involving also economic and social aspects, in order to support the sustainable development.

中文翻译:


用于评估水和废水行业循环经济 (CE) 实施的环境指标



水和废水部门积极参与循环经济 (CE) 转型;但是,没有官方的 CE 监控框架来衡量该领域在 CE 模型方面的进展水平。本文提出了一组环境指标,可以支持水和废水处理公司评估 CE 实施情况。CE 指标分为该部门 CE 实施的六个领域:减少——防止废水产生;回收(去除)—去除水和废水中的污染物;再利用 — 水再利用用于非饮用水;回收 — 水再利用以供饮用;回收 — 从水基废物中回收原材料和能源;以及重新思考——重新思考原材料的使用。在特定的 CE 领域提出了以下指标:减少——减少自来水消耗、减少废水产生、减少废物、减少污水污泥产生和水足迹;回收 — 从水中去除污染物和从废水中去除污染物;再利用 — 废水中的水再用于非饮用用途,并回收技术用水用于非饮用用途;回收 — 废水中的水再利用用于饮用;回收 — 原材料回收、生物基肥料、能源回收、污水污泥处理、污水污泥堆肥、沼气生产和灰烬处理;并重新思考 - CE 技术、生命周期评估报告、CE 产品和 CE 商业模式、工业共生和碳足迹。拟议的 CE 指标不仅可用于评估向 CE 的转型水平,还可用于支持在水和废水领域运营的组织中有关战略 CE 计划的进一步政策。 此外,它们可以支持组织中进一步 CE 计划的战略规划。拟议的 CE 指标列表尚未结束,因为在未来几年,预计越来越多的 CE 解决方案将在水和废水处理厂公司中开发和实施,还涉及经济和社会方面,以支持可持续发展。
更新日期:2024-12-11
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