Section snippets

Catalyst production

In the future circular economy, industry will be forced to use raw materials of even lower qualities. Hence, understanding of the role of impurities on catalysis will become more important. Moreover, legislation on the registration of chemical substances, like REACH in Europe, will continue to become harsher in the future, and already now renders expensive and time-consuming toxicity tests necessary. This too will lead to an increasing pressure to more and more substitute currently-used

Catalyst performance and stability in the catalytic process

Industrially applied catalysts exist in a very broad variety of different shapes optimized for their processes from powders for fluidized bed applications, granules of different size, particularly shaped extrudates or tablets, to extended structures, like honeycombs. The vast majority of academic research on the other hand is done on materials that generally do not resemble actual catalysts. The much-diminished attention on single-crystal surfaces studied in ultra-high vacuum is indicative of

The future of fundamental applied catalysis research

The above-mentioned indicates that there are many fundamental questions that need to be addressed before the catalytic process can be fully appreciated. The desire to achieve sustainability necessitates significant advances in our tool box and efforts to characterize the catalytic process. A concerted effort between academic and industrial research and development will greatly help such endeavor. To appreciate the applied catalytic process, not only do the fundamentals of catalysis need to be

CRediT authorship contribution statement

Jeroen A. van Bokhoven: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Conceptualization. Gerhard Mestl: Writing – review & editing, Writing – original draft, Conceptualization.

Declaration of competing interest

The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

中文翻译：

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从迫切需要的研究到应用催化的基础研究

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 催化剂生产

在未来的循环经济中，工业将被迫使用质量更低的原材料。因此，了解杂质对催化的作用将变得更加重要。此外，关于化学物质注册的立法，如欧洲的 REACH，在未来将继续变得更加严格，现在已经使昂贵且耗时的毒性测试变得必要。这也将导致越来越大的压力，要求越来越多的当前使用的替代品

催化剂在催化过程中的性能和稳定性

工业应用的催化剂以非常广泛的不同形状存在，从用于流化床应用的粉末、不同大小的颗粒（特别是形状的挤出物或片剂）到扩展结构（如蜂窝）。另一方面，绝大多数学术研究都是在通常与实际催化剂不同的材料上完成的。在超高真空中研究的单晶表面的关注大大减少，这表明

基础应用催化研究的未来

上述表明，在充分认识催化过程之前，有许多基本问题需要解决。实现可持续发展的愿望需要我们的工具箱取得重大进展，并努力描述催化过程的特征。学术和工业研发之间的共同努力将极大地帮助这一努力。要了解应用的催化过程，不仅需要了解催化的基本原理

CRediT 作者贡献声明

Jeroen A. van Bokhoven：写作 - 审查和编辑，写作 - 原稿，概念化。格哈德·梅斯特尔：写作 - 审查和编辑，写作 - 原稿，概念化。

利益争夺声明

作者声明，他们没有已知的竞争性经济利益或个人关系，这些利益或个人关系似乎可能会影响本文报告的工作。