Electrorheological (ER) materials have attracted considerable attention over the decades, owning to their unique ability to rapidly change their rheological properties upon exposure to an electric field. Such feature enables these materials in numerous applications. This paper reviews the general aspects of electrorheological fluids (ERFs), and introduces the most often used ER materials. Liquid carriers are briefly compared and numerous dispersed dielectric particles are represented from both, inorganic and organic categories, along with a wide range of composites. A selection of reviewed ERF particles characteristics (their type, geometry, size, conductivity and ER efficiency) is summarized in tables. Advantages and drawbacks of state-of-the-art ERFs are outlined, along with their general requirements. Additionally, an open living online document is attached and meant to keep a summary of the key characteristics of ER particles covered in future ERF-focused publications and create a rich online resource for the scientific community over time. Fellow researchers are therefore welcomed to contact the authors for their published data to be included (the open living table is to be updated regularly).

中文翻译：

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电流变液：活生生的评论


几十年来，电流变 （ER） 材料因其在暴露于电场时能够快速改变其流变特性的独特能力而引起了相当大的关注。这种特性使这些材料能够用于许多应用。本文回顾了电流变液 （ERF） 的一般方面，并介绍了最常用的 ER 材料。简要比较了液体载体，并代表了来自无机和有机类别的大量分散介电粒子，以及各种复合材料。下表总结了经过审查的 ERF 颗粒特性（它们的类型、几何形状、大小、电导率和 ER 效率）。概述了最先进的 ERF 的优缺点，以及它们的一般要求。此外，还附有一个开放的、有生命的在线文档，旨在总结未来以 ERF 为重点的出版物中涵盖的 ER 颗粒的关键特性，并随着时间的推移为科学界创建丰富的在线资源。因此，欢迎其他研究人员联系作者以收录他们发表的数据（Open Living Table 将定期更新）。