Children in the United States (N = 488, 4–11 years, 239 females, 248 males, one other, 53% White; data collected 2021–2022) participated in three studies investigating their expectations about immigrants. Participants recognized that immigration impacts characters' national identity and behaviors. Although previous research reported that children may essentialize nationality, participants instead reasoned flexibly about immigrant characters. Children expected immigrant characters to share behaviors and preferences with people from both their heritage and host countries, suggesting they may think immigrants hold dual national identities. Even the youngest children tested (ages 4–6) reasoned flexibly about behaviors based on immigration status. Thus, children appear to view national identity as constructed through social and cultural experiences, rather than something innate.

中文翻译：

---

儿童对基于国籍的行为的期望对于移民和非移民来说是不同的


美国儿童（N = 488,4-11 岁，239 名女性，248 名男性，一名，53% 白人;2021-2022 年收集的数据）参与了三项研究，调查他们对移民的期望。参与者认识到移民会影响角色的民族身份和行为。尽管以前的研究报告称，儿童可能将国籍视为本质，但参与者反而对移民特征进行了灵活的推理。孩子们希望移民角色与来自他们的传统国和东道国的人分享行为和偏好，这表明他们可能认为移民拥有双重国籍。即使是接受测试的最小儿童（4-6 岁）也能根据移民身份灵活地推理行为。因此，儿童似乎认为国家认同是通过社会和文化经验构建的，而不是与生俱来的。