Despite the abundant resource availability and low Zn metal anode potential, the development of aqueous zinc-ion batteries is plagued by rapid performance degradation caused by uncontrolled dendrites growth and low Coulombic efficiency. Herein, a series of urea-derived hydrated eutectic electrolytes (HEEs) were designed to decouple the inherent correlation between the structural characteristics of ligands and the electrolyte performance. The incorporation of the methyl substituents, with their weak electron-donating nature, induces ligands characterized by a weakly solvating ability for Zn2+ and enhanced H-bond with water, triggering the eutectic reaction. Additionally, the inherently hydrophobic nature of the methyl substituents improves electrolyte wettability, thereby mitigating water-induced side reactions and enhancing electrochemical stability. Simultaneously, the accelerated Zn2+ transfer kinetics promote homogeneous and dense Zn deposition. Furthermore, in Zn//NaV3O8·1.5H2O full batteries, the designed HEEs exhibit satisfying cyclic stability and rate performance. These comprehensive findings provide essential guidance for the rational design of advanced aqueous electrolytes.

中文翻译：

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电子供体效应调节水合共晶电解质向稳定的水系锌离子电池


尽管资源丰富且锌金属负极电位低，但水系锌离子电池的开发受到不受控制的枝晶生长和低库仑效率导致性能快速下降的困扰。在此，设计了一系列尿素衍生的水合共晶电解质 （HEE） 来解耦配体的结构特性与电解质性能之间的内在相关性。甲基取代基的掺入具有弱电子供体的性质，诱导配体，其特征是对 Zn²⁺ 具有弱溶解能力，并与水的 H 键增强，从而触发共晶反应。此外，甲基取代基固有的疏水性提高了电解质的润湿性，从而减轻了水诱导的副反应并增强了电化学稳定性。同时，加速的 Zn²⁺ 转移动力学促进了均匀和致密的 Zn 沉积。此外，在 Zn//NaV₃O₈·1.5H₂O 满电池中，所设计的 HEE 表现出令人满意的循环稳定性和倍率性能。这些全面的发现为先进水性电解质的合理设计提供了重要的指导。