This study explores how water content modulates the self-assembly and fluorescence behavior of two novel calix[4]resorcinarene macrocycles. These macrocycles transition from large, flattened structures in pure THF to large giant vesicles (500–5000 nm) coexisting with small micelles (3.4–3.5 nm) as the water percentage in THF/water mixtures increases up to 53%. At higher water percentages, the assemblies become smaller, forming unimodal micelles with diameters of approximately 140–160 nm. Fluorescence quenching is observed upon water addition, attributed to nonradiative deactivation. These findings highlight water as a key regulator of the assembly and fluorescence of these calix[4]resorcinarene macrocycles, paving the way for further development of water-responsive calixarene systems.

中文翻译：

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水响应型 calix[4]间苯二烯系统：自组装和荧光调节


本研究探讨了含水量如何调节两种新型 calix[4]间苯二烯大环的自组装和荧光行为。随着 THF/水混合物中的水百分比增加高达 53%，这些大环从纯 THF 中的大扁平结构转变为与小胶束 （3.4–3.5 nm） 共存的大型巨泡 （500–5000 nm）。在较高的水百分比下，组装体变得更小，形成直径约为 140-160 nm 的单峰胶束。加水时观察到荧光猝灭，这归因于非辐射失活。这些发现突出了水是这些 calix[4] 间苯二烯大环组装和荧光的关键调节因子，为进一步开发水响应性 calixarene 系统铺平了道路。