Increasingly electromagnetic pollution derived from portable electronic devices and communication systems urges the development of electromagnetic waves (EMWs) absorbing cementitious composites. However, it remains a challenge to achieve a balance between excellent mechanical and EMWs absorbing properties of cementitious composites, and it has not been systematically summarized. It is of great significance to construct EMWs absorbing cementitious composites using absorbers, mineral admixtures and structural design, as well as explore the mechanism of mechanical and EMWs functionality. This paper outlines the current design principles and loss mechanisms of EMWs absorbing cementitious composites. The EMWs absorbers used in cementitious composites include dielectric, resistive, magnetic, composite, and mineral dopants, of which nano-absorbers stand out due to their size effect, tunneling effect, and interfacial effect. Structural design types commonly used in EMWs absorbing cementitious composites, such as multilayer, porous, heterogeneous, metamaterials and metasurfaces structures are summarized, yet which inevitably introduces defects into matrix, resulting in the weakening of mechanical properties. Material-structure integration and multi-scale design strategies that combine the advantages of efficient nano-absorbers and structural design have become future develop trend. Peculiarly, the effects of different EMWs absorbers on the mechanical properties of cementitious composites are particularly explored, revealing the dispersion degree and dosage of nano-absorbers may be the criteria affecting their mechanical properties. In the end, this paper indicates the characteristics and challenges of the current EMWs absorbing cementitious composites, further proposes future development and engineering application recommendations.

中文翻译：

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研究电磁波吸收胶基复合材料的电磁和机械性能的最新进展


便携式电子设备和通信系统产生的电磁污染日益严重，这促使人们开发吸收水泥基复合材料的电磁波 （EMW）。然而，在水泥基复合材料的优异机械性能和 EMW 吸收性能之间取得平衡仍然是一个挑战，并且尚未对其进行系统总结。利用吸收剂、矿物外加剂和结构设计构建 EMWs 吸收胶凝复合材料，以及探索机械和 EMWs 功能机制具有重要意义。本文概述了目前 EMW 吸收水泥基复合材料的设计原理和损耗机制。用于水泥基复合材料的 EMW 吸收剂包括电介质、电阻、磁性、复合材料和矿物掺杂剂，其中纳米吸收剂因其尺寸效应、隧穿效应和界面效应而脱颖而出。总结了电磁波吸收水泥基复合材料中常用的结构设计类型，如多层、多孔、异质、超材料和超表面结构，但这些类型不可避免地在基体中引入缺陷，导致力学性能减弱。材料结构一体化和结合高效纳米吸收剂和结构设计优势的多尺度设计策略已成为未来发展趋势。特别的是，特别探讨了不同 EMWs 吸收剂对水泥基复合材料力学性能的影响，揭示了纳米吸收剂的分散度和用量可能是影响其力学性能的标准。 最后，本文指出了当前电磁场吸收水泥基复合材料的特点和挑战，进一步提出了未来的发展和工程应用建议。