The increase in maritime traffic has led to substantial greywater discharges into the marine environment. Greywater, originating from sinks, showers, kitchen, and laundry facilities, contains a wide array of chemical contaminants influenced by on-board activities, ship size, and management practices. The lack of comprehensive regulations for greywater management, along with limited research on its chemical composition, highlights the need to characterize these waste streams. This study is one of the first to provide a comprehensive characterization of greywater samples from ships using advanced liquid chromatography coupled to high-resolution-mass-spectrometry (LC-HRMS) strategies, including wide-scope target and suspect screening. The target analysis detected 86 compounds, such as pharmaceuticals, stimulants, tobacco and food-related products, personal care products, UV filters, surfactants, perfluoroalkyl compounds, plasticizers, and flame retardants, many of which are rarely measured in routine monitoring programs. Furthermore, 11 additional compounds were tentatively identified through suspect screening. A novel scoring system further highlighted 25 priority compounds posing ecological risks to marine ecosystems, including pharmaceuticals such as tapentadol, dextrorphan, citalopram, or irbesartan. This study emphasizes the significant introduction of chemicals at μg L−1 levels through greywater discharges, underscoring the urgent need for improved management practices to mitigate ecological risks to the marine ecosystem.

中文翻译：

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通过全面的 LC-HRMS 目标和可疑筛查方法识别船舶排放的灰水中的新污染物


海上交通的增加导致大量灰水排放到海洋环境中。灰水源自水槽、淋浴间、厨房和洗衣设施，含有多种受船上活动、船舶大小和管理实践影响的化学污染物。缺乏对灰水管理的全面规定，以及对其化学成分的研究有限，凸显了对这些废物流进行表征的必要性。这项研究是首批使用先进的液相色谱-高分辨率质谱 （LC-HRMS） 联用策略对船舶灰水样品进行全面表征的研究之一，包括大范围目标和嫌疑人筛查。目标分析检测到 86 种化合物，例如药物、兴奋剂、烟草和食品相关产品、个人护理产品、紫外线过滤剂、表面活性剂、全氟烷基化合物、增塑剂和阻燃剂，其中许多化合物在常规监测计划中很少测量。此外，通过嫌疑人筛查初步确定了 11 种其他化合物。一个新的评分系统进一步强调了对海洋生态系统构成生态风险的 25 种优先化合物，包括他喷他多、右旋、西酞普兰或厄贝沙坦等药物。本研究强调了通过灰水排放大量引入 μg L-1 水平的化学物质，强调迫切需要改进管理实践以减轻海洋生态系统的生态风险。