Disease-resistant wheat cultivars exhibited significantly lower infection rates in field conditions, associated with higher microbial diversity in key compartments such as the rhizosphere soil and phylloplane. Microbial community analysis revealed compartment-specific selection effects, with significant horizontal microbial transfers noted across plant tissues, suggesting a strong compartment-dependent selection from soil microbiomes. Further, resistant varieties were enriched of potential beneficial microbial taxa that contribute to plant health and disease resistance from seedling to adult stages. This was verified by rhizosphere microbiome transplantation experiment, where the inoculation of the rhizosphere microbiome of resistant cultivars suppressed pathogen infection and enhanced plant growth, indicating that wheat resistance to soil-borne virus disease depended on the interaction of the host with the microbial community around it. Our results also demonstrated that the microbial composition and network at the seedling stage predicted wheat health and pathogen susceptibility. Disease infection simplified the intra-kingdom networks and increased potentially beneficial taxa such as Massilia, Bacillus, and Pseudomonas within the microbiome. Overall, our findings provide novel insights into the microbial dynamics influenced by host traits and their implications for disease resistance and plant health, offering potential strategies for agricultural biocontrol and disease management.

抗病小麦品种在田间条件下表现出显着较低的感染率，这与根际土壤和叶际土壤等关键区室的较高微生物多样性有关。微生物群落分析揭示了隔室特异性选择效应，在植物组织中观察到显着的水平微生物转移，表明土壤微生物组存在强烈的隔室依赖性选择。此外，抗性品种富含潜在的有益微生物分类群，有助于从幼苗到成虫阶段的植物健康和抗病性。这通过根际微生物组移植实验得到了验证，其中抗性品种的根际微生物组接种抑制了病原体感染并促进了植物生长，表明小麦对土传病毒病的抗性取决于宿主与周围微生物群落的相互作用。我们的结果还表明，苗期的微生物组成和网络预测了小麦的健康状况和病原体易感性。疾病感染简化了王国内网络，并增加了微生物组中可能有益的分类群，例如 Massilia、Bacillus 和 Pseudomonas。总体而言，我们的研究结果为受宿主性状影响的微生物动力学及其对抗病性和植物健康的影响提供了新的见解，为农业生物控制和疾病管理提供了潜在的策略。