The role of myeloid cells in tumor immunity is multifaceted. While dendritic cells support T cell-mediated tumor control, the highly heterogenous populations of macrophages, neutrophils, and immature myeloid cells were generally considered immunosuppressive. This view has led to effective therapies reinvigorating tumor-reactive T cells; however, targeting the immunosuppressive effects of macrophages and neutrophils to boost the cancer immunity cycle was clinically less successful. Recent studies interrogating the role of immune cells in the context of successful immunotherapy affirm the key role of T cells, but simultaneously challenge the idea that the cytotoxic function of T cells is the main contributor to therapy-driven tumor regression. Rather, therapy-activated intra-tumoral T cells recruit and activate or reprogram several myeloid effector cell types, the presence of which is necessary for tumor rejection. Here, we reappreciate the key role of myeloid effector cells in tumor rejection as this may help to shape future successful immunotherapies.

中文翻译：

---

癌症中的髓样效应细胞


髓系细胞在肿瘤免疫中的作用是多方面的。虽然树突状细胞支持 T 细胞介导的肿瘤控制，但巨噬细胞、中性粒细胞和未成熟髓系细胞的高度异质性群体通常被认为具有免疫抑制性。这种观点导致了使肿瘤反应性 T 细胞重新焕发活力的有效疗法;然而，靶向巨噬细胞和中性粒细胞的免疫抑制作用以增强癌症免疫周期在临床上不太成功。最近研究质疑免疫细胞在成功免疫治疗中的作用，肯定了 T 细胞的关键作用，但同时挑战了 T 细胞的细胞毒功能是治疗驱动的肿瘤消退的主要因素的观点。相反，治疗激活的肿瘤内 T 细胞募集并激活或重编程几种髓系效应细胞类型，其存在是肿瘤排斥所必需的。在这里，我们重新认识到髓样效应细胞在肿瘤排斥反应中的关键作用，因为这可能有助于塑造未来成功的免疫疗法。