Precise tuning of ligands and a comprehensive understanding of their roles and functionalities are crucial for the design of nanoparticles (NPs) with tailored properties. In this study, we present the synthesis of copper NPs with precise control over their shape and crystallinity, relying on the remarkable versatility of oleylamine (OLA) as both a solvent and a ligand. By adjusting the temperature, OLA enables the formation of cubic NPs under rapid heating, reflecting kinetic control, and octahedral NPs with slow heating, indicating thermodynamic control. XPS analysis of these NPs reveals that OLA's dual chemical functionality allows for the stabilization of cubic NP (100) facets through surface binding via its alkene group, while octahedral and quasi-spherical NPs are stabilized by OLA's attachment to (111) facets through its amine function. Besides, this study highlights how trioctyl phosphine oxide (TOPO) and trioctyl phosphine (TOP) contribute to controlling nucleus crystallinity at early synthesis stages, facilitating the selective formation of single-crystal particles or multiply twinned particles. OLA's dual role, as both solvent and ligand, enhances its ability to stabilize different crystalline facets, making it a powerful tool for synthesizing copper NPs with diverse and controlled morphologies. This versatility opens up possibilities for tailoring their catalytic properties to specific applications.

中文翻译：

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油胺在控制合成具有不同形态的纳米铜颗粒中的多功能作用


配体的精确调整以及对其作用和功能的全面了解对于设计具有定制特性的纳米颗粒 （NP） 至关重要。在这项研究中，我们提出了铜 NPs 的合成，依靠油胺 （OLA） 作为溶剂和配体的显着多功能性，精确控制其形状和结晶度。通过调节温度，OLA 能够在快速加热下形成立方 NPs，反映动力学控制，并在缓慢加热下形成八面体 NPs，表明热力学控制。对这些 NP 的 XPS 分析表明，OLA 的双重化学官能团允许通过其烯烃基团的表面结合来稳定立方 NP （100） 刻面，而八面体和准球形 NP 则通过 OLA 通过其胺官能团附着在 （111） 个刻面上而稳定。此外，本研究强调了三辛基膦氧化物 （TOPO） 和三辛基膦 （TOP） 如何有助于在早期合成阶段控制原子核结晶度，促进单晶颗粒或多晶孪晶颗粒的选择性形成。OLA 作为溶剂和配体的双重作用增强了其稳定不同晶体面的能力，使其成为合成具有不同且受控形态的铜 NP 的强大工具。这种多功能性为根据特定应用定制其催化性能提供了可能性。