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Discovery of 22(S)-23-phenyl-24-norchol-5-en-3β,22-diol (PFM046) as the first-in-class, steroidal, non-sulfated Liver X Receptor antagonist with anticancer activity
European Journal of Medicinal Chemistry ( IF 6.0 ) Pub Date : 2024-12-09 , DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2024.117136
Lorenzo Pontini, Tommaso Angelini, Pietro Palazzoli, Daniela Maggioni, Gianluca Giorgi, Laura Raccosta, Giuseppe Damiano, Valerio Mammoli, Niccolò Fontana, Vincenzo Russo, Maura Marinozzi

A plethora of studies have demonstrated the crucial role played by Liver X Receptors (LXRs) in cancer. However, whether LXRs activation results in pro-versus anti-tumor effects is still matter of debate. Recently, we have reported the ability of 22(S)-hydroxycholesterol-3-sulfate (PFM037) to antagonize LXRα activity, and, at the same time, its capability to improve in-vivo anti-tumor immune responses. Herein we report the first study aimed at the definition of structure-activity relationships of PFM037. Successfully, we identified 22(S)-23-phenyl-24-norchol-5-en-3β,22-diol (PFM046) as a more potent LXRs antagonist than PFM037. PFM046 showed a peculiar LXR target gene expression profile, being able, as expected for an antagonist, to suppress SCD1 and FASN expression, while surprisingly maintaining the ability to upregulate ABCA1 gene, as typical for an agonist. PFM046 showed a remarkable antitumor activity in two both in vitro-and in-vivo mouse models, highlighting the high potential of LXRs antagonists in oncological applications.

中文翻译:


发现 22(S)-23-苯基-24-去甲胆碱-5-en-3β,22-二醇 (PFM046) 作为具有抗癌活性的同类首创、甾体、非硫酸化肝 X 受体拮抗剂



大量研究表明肝脏 X 受体 (LXR) 在癌症中起着至关重要的作用。然而,LXRs 激活是否会导致促肿瘤与抗肿瘤效应仍存在争议。最近,我们报道了 22(S)-羟基胆固醇-3-硫酸盐 (PFM037) 拮抗 LXRα 活性的能力,同时其改善体内抗肿瘤免疫反应的能力。在此,我们报告了旨在定义 PFM037 的结构 - 活性关系的第一项研究。我们成功地确定了 22(S)-23-苯基-24-去甲胆-5-en-3β,22-二醇 (PFM046) 是比 PFM037 更有效的 LXRs 拮抗剂。PFM046 显示出奇特的 LXR 靶基因表达谱,正如拮抗剂所预期的那样,能够抑制 SCD1 和 FASN 表达,同时令人惊讶地保持上调 ABCA1 基因的能力,就像激动剂的典型特征一样。PFM046 在体外和体内小鼠模型中均显示出显著的抗肿瘤活性,突出了 LXRs 拮抗剂在肿瘤学应用中的巨大潜力。
更新日期:2024-12-09
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