We examined how relative language dominance impacts Spanish–English bilinguals’ crosslinguistic and nonlinguistic interference resolution abilities during a web-based Spanish picture-word interference naming task and a subsequent spatial Stroop paradigm, and the relationship between the two. Results show the expected interference and facilitation effects in the online setting across both tasks. Additionally, participants with greater English dominance had larger within-language, Spanish facilitation and marginally larger crosslinguistic (English to Spanish) interference effects reflected on accuracy performance. Similarly, participants with greater English dominance had larger nonlinguistic congruency facilitation effects. Our results are in line with other studies finding a relation between linguistic and nonlinguistic cognitive control. Correlated reaction time performance between the linguistic and nonlinguistic paradigms suggests that overcoming crosslinguistic interference may be partly based on cognitive control processes used outside of language. Modulations by language dominance underline the importance of accounting for relative language proficiency in bilinguals’ two languages when studying bilingualism.

中文翻译：

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语言优势对双语者跨语言和非语言干扰解决的影响


我们研究了在基于 Web 的西班牙语图片词干扰命名任务和随后的空间 Stroop 范式中，相对语言优势如何影响西班牙语-英语双语者的跨语言和非语言干扰解决能力，以及两者之间的关系。结果显示了这两项任务在在线环境中的预期干扰和促进效果。此外，英语优势较大的参与者在语言内、西班牙语促进方面具有更大的便利性，并且对准确性表现的跨语言（英语到西班牙语）干扰效应略大。同样，英语占主导地位的参与者具有更大的非语言一致性促进效应。我们的结果与其他发现语言和非语言认知控制之间关系的研究一致。语言和非语言范式之间的相关反应时间表现表明，克服跨语言干扰可能部分基于语言之外使用的认知控制过程。在研究双语时，按语言优势进行调制强调了考虑双语者两种语言的相对语言熟练度的重要性。