DNA integrity is crucial for organismal health, and assessing DNA damage in aquatic organisms is essential for identifying environmental threats and informing conservation efforts. Pollutants such as metals, hydrocarbons, agrochemicals, pharmaceuticals, and climate change are linked to genetic damage, oxidative stress, and mutagenesis in several species, such as elasmobranchs (sharks and rays). Most studies focus on bivalves, crustaceans, and bony fish, with fewer assessments being carried out in cartilaginous fish. Concerning elasmobranchs, studies employing the micronucleus test and nuclear anomaly assays have aided in understanding how this group responds to contamination by organic and inorganic pollutants. Notably, each species deals differently with these contaminants, presenting varied DNA damage levels, including low levels of response, probably associated to feeding habits, trophic position, maturation stage, sex and metabolism. Further investigations should be conducted in elasmobranchs to elucidate these variations and better understand DNA damage in this important ecological group.

中文翻译：

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软鳃类的遗传损伤：综述


DNA 完整性对生物体健康至关重要，评估水生生物体的 DNA 损伤对于识别环境威胁和为保护工作提供信息至关重要。金属、碳氢化合物、农用化学品、药物和气候变化等污染物与软鳃动物（鲨鱼和鳐鱼）等几个物种的遗传损伤、氧化应激和诱变有关。大多数研究集中在双壳类、甲壳类和硬骨鱼上，对软骨鱼进行的评估较少。关于软骨鳃类，采用微核测试和核异常分析的研究有助于了解该类群如何应对有机和无机污染物的污染。值得注意的是，每个物种对这些污染物的处理方式不同，呈现出不同的 DNA 损伤水平，包括低水平的反应，这可能与摄食习惯、营养位置、成熟阶段、性别和新陈代谢有关。应在软骨鳃类中进行进一步研究，以阐明这些变异并更好地了解这一重要生态群中的 DNA 损伤。