The New Space industry not only demands expanded spaceport capacity but also careful consideration of the environmental impact of ground infrastructure development. Focusing on the Alcântara Space Center in Brazil (CEA - Centro Espacial de Alcântara), a data-driven site selection framework is presented, emphasizing cost-effectiveness and environmental compliance. When applied to the CEA case, this framework incorporates expert preferences and aligns Geographic Information System-Multi-Criteria Decision Analysis (GIS-MCDA) with the development of launch site infrastructure and the assessment of environmental impact. The real case application results in robust ranking outcomes, despite some level of divergence amongst the experts. Contributions include expert clustering for sensitivity analysis, insights into spaceport impact on surrounding communities, and the proposal of an easily deployable decision-making process. The framework exhibits flexibility and can be adapted to different variations of the spaceport locational problems. Recommendations include the implementation of advanced geotechnical assessment protocols, enhanced quantification methodologies for environmental variables, and the utilization of comprehensive risk assessment techniques. These measures hold the potential to provide valuable insights for research and regulatory efforts within this rapidly evolving domain.

中文翻译：

---

太空港新发射设施的可持续场地规划


新太空工业不仅需要扩大太空港的容量，还需要仔细考虑地面基础设施开发对环境的影响。以巴西的 Alcântara 航天中心 （CEA - Centro Espacial de Alcântara） 为重点，提出了一个数据驱动的选址框架，强调成本效益和环境合规性。当应用于 CEA 案例时，该框架结合了专家偏好，并将地理信息系统-多标准决策分析 （GIS-MCDA） 与发射场基础设施的开发和环境影响评估保持一致。真实案例应用程序产生了稳健的排名结果，尽管专家之间存在一定程度的分歧。贡献包括用于敏感性分析的专家集群、对太空港对周围社区影响的见解，以及提出易于部署的决策过程。该框架表现出灵活性，可以适应太空港位置问题的不同变化。建议包括实施先进的岩土工程评估协议、增强的环境变量量化方法以及利用全面的风险评估技术。这些措施有可能为这个快速发展的领域的研究和监管工作提供有价值的见解。