The industrial landscape is undergoing a significant transformation, moving away from traditional wired fieldbus networks to cutting-edge 5G mobile networks. This transition, extending from local applications to company-wide use and spanning multiple factories, is driven by the promise of low-latency communication and seamless connectivity for various devices in industrial settings. However, besides these tremendous benefits, the integration of 5G as the communication infrastructure in industrial networks introduces a new set of risks and threats to the security of industrial systems. The inherent complexity of 5G systems poses unique challenges for ensuring a secure integration, surpassing those encountered with any technology previously utilized in industrial networks. Most importantly, the distinct characteristics of industrial networks, such as real-time operation, required safety guarantees, and high availability requirements, further complicate this task. As the industrial transition from wired to wireless networks is a relatively new concept, a lack of guidance and recommendations on securely integrating 5G renders many industrial systems vulnerable and exposed to threats associated with 5G. To address this situation, in this paper, we summarize the state-of-the-art and derive a set of recommendations for the secure integration of 5G into industrial networks based on a thorough analysis of the research landscape. Furthermore, we identify opportunities to utilize 5G to enhance security and indicate remaining challenges, identifying future academic directions.

中文翻译：

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在工业网络中安全集成 5G：最新技术、挑战和机遇


工业领域正在经历重大变革，从传统的有线现场总线网络转向尖端的 5G 移动网络。这种转变从本地应用程序扩展到公司范围内的使用，并跨越多个工厂，其驱动力是工业环境中各种设备的低延迟通信和无缝连接的承诺。然而，除了这些巨大的好处之外，将 5G 作为工业网络中的通信基础设施集成还给工业系统的安全带来了一系列新的风险和威胁。5G 系统固有的复杂性对确保安全集成提出了独特的挑战，其挑战超过了以前在工业网络中使用的任何技术所遇到的挑战。最重要的是，工业网络的独特特性，例如实时运行、所需的安全保证和高可用性要求，使这项任务进一步复杂化。由于工业从有线过渡到无线网络是一个相对较新的概念，因此缺乏安全集成 5G 的指导和建议，使许多工业系统容易受到攻击，并面临与 5G 相关的威胁。为了解决这种情况，在本文中，我们总结了最先进的技术，并根据对研究前景的全面分析，得出了一套将 5G 安全集成到工业网络中的建议。此外，我们确定了利用 5G 增强安全性的机会，并指出了仍然存在的挑战，确定了未来的学术方向。