Many animal species exploited by humans play important roles beyond simply consumption. While disentangling the diverse roles of animals and animal resources from the archaeological record can be difficult, it is especially important for establishing holistic perspectives of past lifeways and economies. Recent zooarchaeological investigations at the Mound Key site in southwestern Florida have identified unique assemblages containing unprecedented numbers of burrfishes (Diodon spp. and Chilomycterus schoepfii) remains, represented only by their maxillae and dentaries. Through this case study, I evaluate the potential use of burrfishes by the Calusa of southwestern Florida to explore non-food-based economies in a complex fisher-hunter-gatherer society. The lethal toxicity of burrfishes, combined with the unique composition of elements represented in the assemblages, point towards a non-food use for these species. Here I suggest the deposits at Mound Key likely represent past specialized production and possible use of a toxic resource not often theorized, especially in the US Southeast.

中文翻译：

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超越生计：美国东南部 Calusa 复杂渔民-狩猎-采集者中的有毒江鳗和非食品经济


人类利用的许多动物物种在单纯的消费之外发挥着重要作用。虽然从考古记录中分离出动物和动物资源的不同角色可能很困难，但对于建立过去生活方式和经济的整体观点尤为重要。最近在佛罗里达州西南部的 Mound Key 遗址进行的动物考古调查确定了独特的组合，其中包含数量空前的毛鳍鱼（Diodon spp. 和 Chilomycterus schoepfii）遗骸，仅以它们的上颌骨和牙齿为代表。通过这个案例研究，我评估了佛罗里达州西南部的 Calusa 人对 burrfish 的潜在利用，以探索复杂的渔民-狩猎-采集社会中的非食品经济。毛刺鱼的致命毒性，加上组合中代表的元素的独特组成，表明这些物种的非食用用途。在这里，我认为 Mound Key 的矿床可能代表了过去的专业生产和可能使用一种不常被理论化的有毒资源，尤其是在美国东南部。