Sodium-ion batteries (SIBs) have attracted significant attention in the field of electrochemical energy storage. However, limited research exists on the thermal runaway (TR) phenomenon of SIBs. To address this gap, the TR behaviors of Sodium-ion, LiFePO4 (LFP), and LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 (NCM523) batteries of the same size under different heating powers (300 W, 400 W, and 500 W) are investigated in this paper. Compared to prior studies, the main contribution of this work lies in studying and evaluating the effect of heating power on the thermal and gas production hazards of SIBs. Two significant conclusions are drawn: (Ⅰ) the effect of heating power on gas production and heat generation in SIBs is not consistent, with the increase of heating power, the thermal hazard of SIBs increases significantly, while the internal TR propagation and gas production hazard are reduced; (Ⅱ) the TR hazard of SIBs is between NCM523 and LFP batteries as shown by TR hazard assessment model based on radar map. This study reveals the influence of heating power on the TR propagation and gas production behavior of SIBs and provides valuable insights for the safety design of sodium-based energy storage systems.

中文翻译：

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钠离子电池和锂离子电池的热失控比较和评估


钠离子电池 （SIB） 在电化学储能领域引起了极大的关注。然而，关于 SIB 的热失控 （TR） 现象的研究有限。为了解决这一差距，本文研究了相同尺寸的钠离子、LiFePO4 （LFP） 和 LiNi0.5Co0.2Mn0.3O2 （NCM523） 电池在不同加热功率 （300 W、400 W 和 500 W） 下的 TR 行为。与以前的研究相比，这项工作的主要贡献在于研究和评估加热功率对 SIB 的热和产气危害的影响。得出两个重要结论：（I.） 加热功率对 SIBs 产气和产热的影响并不一致，随着加热功率的增加，SIBs 的热危害显著增加，而 TR 内部传播和产气危害降低;（II.） SIB 的 TR 危害介于 NCM523 和 LFP 电池之间，如基于雷达图的 TR 危害评估模型所示。本研究揭示了热功率对 SIB 的 TR 传播和产气行为的影响，并为钠基储能系统的安全设计提供了有价值的见解。