This paper investigates the vulnerability of heterogeneous multi-agent systems (MASs) in face of perfect false-data injection (FDI) attacks that stealthily destabilize the synchronization processes of agents. In contrast to homogeneous dynamics, heterogeneous dynamics can be asymmetrically worsened by attackers, which is a greater challenge for MAS security. First of all, the existence conditions of perfect FDI attacks in different agents are established based on the spectral radius of heterogeneous system matrices. Then, it is proven that the attack targets against communication links are determined by the characteristic space of different agents. Since the attack properties including the attack existence and targets are different in each agent, heterogeneous MASs have the asymmetrical vulnerability under perfect FDI attacks. Finally, a sufficient condition and a necessary condition are obtained to achieve perfect FDI attacks with minimum attack targets. A numerical simulation of heterogeneous MASs is presented to demonstrate the effectiveness of perfect FDI attacks.

中文翻译：

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伪数据注入攻击下异构多智能体系统的不对称脆弱性


本文研究了异构多智能体系统 （MAS） 在面对完全虚假数据注入 （FDI） 攻击时的脆弱性，这些攻击会悄悄地破坏智能体的同步过程。与同构动态相比，异构动态可能会因攻击者而不对称地恶化，这对 MAS 安全来说是一个更大的挑战。首先，根据异构系统矩阵的谱半径建立了完美 FDI 攻击在不同代理中的存在条件。然后，证明针对通信链路的攻击目标是由不同智能体的特征空间决定的。由于每个代理体的攻击属性（包括攻击存在和目标）不同，异构 MAS 在完美的 FDI 攻击下具有不对称的脆弱性。最后，获得充分条件和必要条件，以最小的攻击目标实现完美的 FDI 攻击。提出了异构 MAS 的数值模拟，以证明完美 FDI 攻击的有效性。