In this work, a low-cost radiation monitoring instrumentation for measuring the environmental gamma radioactivity together with some atmospheric parameters was designed and produced. The device has been built with market available components. The detector section of the device uses a Si-PIN photo-diode as an active element. A tiny current produced from the energy deposition of gamma rays in silicon is amplified in two stages, firstly with a charge sensitive amplifier (CSA) and secondly with a shaping amplifier (SA). The amplified signal is further processed to be converted into digital pulses for counting. The monitor station is designed to be operated remotely in self-sufficient mode, equipped with LoRA module running at 500 MHz to transfer the data remotely to a base station. The base station also includes a LoRA module to receive the data and stores it in an SD card while an OLED display visualizes the recent measurement. Multiple monitor stations can be used to control the radioactivity level in a field simultaneously. This field could be used inside or outside of an interested facility. The noise limit of the detector developed was determined to be as low as 20 keV photon energy. The low-energy detection limit was conservatively set to 40 keV which was still below the 64 keV of the naturally occurring 234Th. Counting the events for hourly, daily or weekly provide statistically significant data depending on the activity of the interested region. All gamma energies above 40 keV from the decays of naturally occurring radioisotopes can be practically observed with this device. The anomalies can be detected using various mathematical algorithms that can be embedded into the microprocessor and the results can be shared with the public.

中文翻译：

---

用于监测环境放射性的低成本仪器


在这项工作中，设计并生产了一种低成本的辐射监测仪器，用于测量环境 γ 放射性以及一些大气参数。该设备采用市售组件构建。该器件的检测器部分使用 Si-PIN 光电二极管作为有源元件。伽马射线在硅中的能量沉积产生的微小电流分两个阶段放大，首先使用电荷敏感放大器 （CSA），然后使用整形放大器 （SA）。放大的信号经过进一步处理，转换为数字脉冲进行计数。监控站设计为在自给自足模式下远程操作，配备运行频率为 500 MHz 的 LoRA 模块，可将数据远程传输到基站。该基站还包括一个 LoRA 模块，用于接收数据并将其存储在 SD 卡中，而 OLED 显示屏则显示最近的测量结果。多个监测站可用于同时控制场中的放射性水平。此字段可以在感兴趣的设施内部或外部使用。所开发的探测器的噪声极限被确定为低至 20 keV 光子能量。低能量检测限保守地设置为 40 keV，仍低于自然产生的 64 keV 234Th。每小时、每天或每周对事件进行计数，根据感兴趣地区的活动提供具有统计意义的数据。使用该设备几乎可以观察到天然存在的放射性同位素衰变产生的所有高于 40 keV 的 γ 能量。可以使用嵌入到微处理器中的各种数学算法来检测异常情况，并将结果与公众共享。