Industrial policy has regained political attention due to the challenges associated with global market integration, technological changes, and the need for sustainable transformation. However, the lack of a consistent understanding of industrial policy hampers systematic comparisons. This paper develops a novel concept of industrial policy portfolios that captures different dimensions of industrial policy outputs across countries and over time. We illustrate this approach by comparing the policy dynamics in the United States and Germany over the last four decades and show that despite similar dynamics of policy growth, the countries display pronounced variation in the areas and instruments they prioritized.

由于与全球市场一体化、技术变革和可持续转型需求相关的挑战，产业政策重新受到政治关注。然而，对产业政策缺乏一致的理解阻碍了系统性比较。本文提出了一种新的产业政策组合概念，它捕捉了不同国家和不同时间的产业政策产出的不同维度。我们通过比较美国和德国过去四十年的政策动态来说明这种方法，并表明尽管政策增长动态相似，但这两个国家在优先考虑的领域和工具上表现出明显的差异。