Purpose: Work Integration Social Enterprises (WISEs) are a profitable social initiative as a business. However, there are no studies that analyze their effectiveness. The aim was to assess the effectiveness of the support and guidance processes implemented within WISEs. We hypothesized that insertion workers will perceive improvements at the personal employability dimensions as protective behaviors and a decrease at the employment risks or lack of self-control dimensions. Methods: This study assesses the effectiveness of intervention and training processes across three phases of a training program among 225 insertion workers from 46 WISEs in Spain. Results: Significant improvements in employability factors perceived by both insertion workers and external evaluators were observed across the three evaluation moments, including improved job protection behaviors ( p = .01), reduced employment risk ( p = .03), or reduced barriers to job search ( p = .01). Conclusions: Suggestions for optimizing program effectiveness include tailored training itineraries, continuous monitoring, and promoting soft skills.

中文翻译：

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社会融合的挑战：提高工作整合中的就业能力 西班牙的社会企业


目的：工作整合社会企业 （WISE） 是一项有利可图的社会倡议。然而，没有研究分析其有效性。目的是评估 WISE 中实施的支持和指导流程的有效性。我们假设插入工作者会将个人就业能力维度的改善视为保护行为，而就业风险或缺乏自我控制维度的降低。方法：本研究评估了来自西班牙 46 个 WISE 的 225 名插入工人在培训计划三个阶段的干预和培训过程的有效性。结果：在三个评估时刻中，观察到插入工人和外部评估者感知的就业能力因素的显着改善，包括改善工作保护行为 （p = .01）、降低就业风险 （p = .03） 或减少求职障碍 （p = .01）。结论：优化项目有效性的建议包括量身定制的培训行程、持续监测和提升软技能。