Surface icing and fouling pose a substantial threat to marine facilities. Herein, anti-icing coating composites (F/S-WC-n%/F) with high photo-thermal conversion efficiencies were prepared by spraying a small amount of super-hydrophobic tungsten carbide on fluoro-olefin vinyl ether copolymer (FEVE) at a specific pressure. The photo-thermal properties of the coatings provide them with ice melting and sterilization effects. The delayed icing time of F/S-WC-5%/F is 571 s, with the ice-covered-surface temperature increasing to 42°C after exposure to simulated sunlight. Heat transfer modelling calculations show that icing needs to overcome high Gibbs free energy on F/S-WC-5%/F. Quantum chemistry fundamentally reveals a weak thermodynamic effect of water nucleation on F/S-WC-5%/F, indicating that the icing process requires a high degree of sub-cooling, resulting in delayed icing. In addition, F/S-WC-5%/F can resist different types of fouling and exhibit sterilization activity. Using F/S-WC-5%/F, Escherichia coli germs are killed via heat-induced morphological rupture under a solar simulator. Owing to its excellent environmental versatility, sustainability, mechanical durability and material adaptability, F/S-WC-5%/F is a promising anti-icing and anti-fouling candidate for various practical applications, even in harsh environments.

中文翻译：

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超疏水和光热防冰涂层，由少量碳化钨组成，具有拒液、自清洁和防污性能


表面结冰和污垢对海洋设施构成重大威胁。本文通过在特定压力下在氟烯烃乙烯基醚共聚物 （FEVE） 上喷涂少量超疏水性碳化钨，制备了具有高光热转换效率的防冰涂层复合材料 （F/S-WC-n%/F）。涂料的光热特性使其具有融冰和杀菌效果。F/S-WC-5%/F 的延迟结冰时间为 571 s，暴露于模拟阳光后，冰覆盖表面温度升高至 42°C。传热建模计算表明，结冰需要克服 F/S-WC-5%/F 上的高吉布斯自由能。量子化学从根本上揭示了水成核对 F/S-WC-5%/F 的微弱热力学效应，表明结冰过程需要高度的过冷，从而导致延迟结冰。此外，F/S-WC-5%/F 可以抵抗不同类型的污垢并表现出杀菌活性。使用 F/S-WC-5%/F，在太阳光模拟器下通过热诱导的形态破裂杀死大肠杆菌细菌。由于其出色的环境多功能性、可持续性、机械耐久性和材料适应性，F/S-WC-5%/F 是各种实际应用（即使在恶劣环境中）的有前途的防结冰和防污候选材料。