Multiple functional tailored materials have shown great potential for both pollutant degradation and freshwater recovery. In this study, we synthesized densely distributed Co onto carbon-layer-coated Ni/Al₂O₃ hydrangea composites (Ni/Al₂O₃@Co) via the polymerization of dopamine under a controlled graphitized process. The characterization results revealed that Ni/Al₂O₃@Co, with abundant exposed bimetallic Co–Ni species on the surface of Al₂O₃, could afford accessible catalytic sites for persulphate activation and subsequent pollutant degradation. The tetracycline (TC) degradation rate of optimal Ni/Al₂O₃@Co₅₀₀ reached 98.1% within 15 min with a first-order rate constant of 0.498 min⁻¹, which is ∼1.38 times that of Al₂O₃@Co₅₀₀ (0.362 min⁻¹), indicating the existing Co–Ni intermetallic synergy. Free radical quenching experiments indicated that ˙O₂⁻ plays a leading role in the catalytic degradation of TC. Moreover, Ni/Al₂O₃@Co₅₀₀ afforded strong flexibility for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), norfloxacin (NFX), bisphenol A (BPA), and oxytetramycin (OTC). Ni/Al₂O₃@Co₅₀₀ catalysts were anchored onto a customized sponge via a calcium-triggered hydrogel crosslink strategy to construct an integral and tailored stirrer, which was used directly as the mechanical stirrer catalyst for the activation of peroxymonosulfate and pollutant removal. This obtained stirrer was also used as a monolith evaporator affording an evaporation rate of 1.944 kg m⁻² h⁻¹ at a solar-driven photothermal interface. We also demonstrated that the shape of the tailored sponge weakly affects the course of the degradation reaction. Furthermore, the degradation rates of TC in actual water sources on a Ni/Al₂O₃@Co₅₀₀ sponge were still maintained up to 90% with rational recycling properties, which provide a promising solution for the multiple-functional pollutant degradation and water regeneration.

中文翻译：

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将 Co 密集分布在碳层包被的花状 Ni/Al2O3 上，并定制集成到搅拌器中，用于多次催化降解和太阳能水蒸发


用于污染物降解和淡水回收的多种功能性定制材料一起显示出巨大的潜力。在这项研究中，我们通过多巴胺的聚合和受控石墨化过程，在碳层涂层的 Ni/Al2O3 绣球花复合材料 （Ni/Al2O3@Co） 上合成了密集分布的 Co。表征结果表明，Al2O3 表面具有大量暴露双金属 Co-Ni 物质的 Ni/Al2O3@Co 为过硫酸盐活化和随后的污染物降解提供了可及的催化位点。最佳 Ni/Al2O3@Co500 的四环素 （TC） 降解速率在 15 min 内达到 98.1%，一级速率常数为 0.498 min-1，接近 Al2O3@Co500 的 ~1.38 倍（0.362 min-1），表明存在 Co-Ni 金属间化合物协同作用。自由基猝灭实验表明，1O2 在 TC 的催化降解中起主导作用。阴离子对 TC 降解的作用遵循 OH- > HCO3- >CO32- > Cl- > SO42- 的顺序，其中 SO42- 可以促进 Ni/Al2O3@Co500/PMS 体系初期的 TC 降解。此外，Ni/Al2O3@Co500 还为亚甲蓝 （MB）、诺氟沙星 （NFX）、双酚 A （BPA） 和土霉素 （OTC） 的降解提供了很强的柔韧性。通过钙触发的水凝胶交联策略，将 Ni/Al2O3@Co500 催化剂锚定在定制的海绵上，构建一个整体性的定制搅拌器，可直接用作机械搅拌器催化剂，用于活化过氧一硫酸盐和去除污染物。获得的搅拌器还可用作整体蒸发器，在太阳能驱动的光热界面下提供 1.944 kg m-2·h-1 的蒸发速率。 我们还证明，定制海绵的形状对降解反应过程的影响微弱。此外，Ni/Al2O3@Co500 海绵上 TC 在实际水源中的降解率仍保持在 90% 以下，具有合理的回收性能，为多功能污染物降解和水再生提供了有前途的解决方案。