Magnesium-lithium hybrid batteries (MLHBs) have gained increasing attention due to their combined advantages of rapid ion insertion/extraction cathode and magnesium metal anode. Herein, SnS₂-SPAN hybrid cathode with strong C-Sn bond and rich defects is ingeniously constructed to realize Mg²⁺/Li⁺ co-intercalation. The physical and chemical double-confinement synergistic engineering of sulfurized polyacrylonitrile can suppress the agglomeration of SnS₂ nanoparticles and the volume expansion, simultaneously promote charge transfer and enhance structural stability. The introduced abundant sulfur vacancies provide more active sites for Mg²⁺/Li⁺ co-intercalation. Meanwhile, the beneficial effects of rich sulfur defects and C-Sn bond on enhanced electrochemical properties are further evidenced by density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. Therefore, compared with pristine SnS₂, SnS₂-SPAN cathode displays high specific capacity (218 mAh g⁻¹ at 0.5 A g⁻¹ over 700 cycles) and ultra-long cycling life (101 mAh g⁻¹ at 5 A g⁻¹ up to 28,000 cycles). And a high energy density of 307 Wh kg⁻¹ can be realized by the SnS₂-SPAN//Mg pouch cell. Such elaborate and simple design supplies a reference for the exploitation of advanced cathode materials with excellent electrochemical properties for MLHBs.

中文翻译：

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Li+/Mg2+ 共插层 SnS2-SPAN 正极，用于超稳定镁基电池


镁锂混合电池 （MLHB） 因其快速离子插入/提取阴极和镁金属负极的综合优势而受到越来越多的关注。本文巧妙地构建了具有强 C-Sn 键和丰富缺陷的 SnS_2-SPAN 杂化阴极，实现了 Mg²⁺/Li⁺ 共插层。硫化聚丙烯腈的物理和化学双重约束协同工程可以抑制 SnS₂ 纳米颗粒的团聚和体积膨胀，同时促进电荷转移和增强结构稳定性。引入的丰度硫空位为 Mg²⁺/Li⁺ 共嵌入提供了更多的活性位点。同时，密度泛函理论 （DFT） 计算进一步证明了富硫缺陷和 C-Sn 键对增强电化学性能的有益影响。因此，与原始 SnS₂ 相比，SnS 2-SPAN 阴极显示出高比容量（在 700 次循环中，0.5 A ^g-1 为 218 mAh ^g-1）和超长循环寿命（5 A g-1 时为 101 mAh ^g-1，高达 28,000 次循环）。SnS_2-SPAN//Mg 软包电池可以实现 307 Wh ^kg-1 的高能量密度。这种精心而简单的设计为开发具有优异电化学性能的先进正极材料提供了参考。