Identifying how species richness or diversity changes with different proportions of natural and anthropized environments in the landscape is important for landscape management for conservation. Here, we propose a new method to assess biodiversity changes in landscapes with varying proportions of habitat types. The algorithm is based on the resampling of individuals recorded in different habitats considering both the proportion occupied by each habitat in the landscape and the number of individuals recorded in each habitat. The diversity is assessed based on the sampled individuals. If a functional/phylogenetic tree or distance matrix is provided, the function returns the functional or phylogenetic richness values. This procedure is replicated a number of times with different proportions of each of the habitats in the landscape. Our method copes with two or more habitat types in the landscape and works with taxonomic, functional, and phylogenetic diversities. We tested our method using 10 different simulated scenarios and one empirical dataset with bats (Chiroptera) to assess whether they behaved as expected. Our method performed as expected in all scenarios and in the empirical dataset (considering also the functional and phylogenetic diversities in this latter case). The possibility of working with more than two habitat types and with different dimensions of diversity (i.e., functional and phylogenetic diversity) is a major advantage of the new method. We show that this is a valuable tool to assess biodiversity changes in the context of landscape planning, helping to promote more sustainable landscapes often composed of multiple habitat types with mixed biodiversity composition.

中文翻译：

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量化景观转型下生物多样性变化的新工具


确定物种丰富度或多样性如何随着景观中自然和人为环境的不同比例而变化，对于景观管理以进行保护非常重要。在这里，我们提出了一种新方法来评估具有不同比例栖息地类型的景观中的生物多样性变化。该算法基于对不同栖息地中记录的个体的重新采样，同时考虑了景观中每个栖息地所占据的比例以及每个栖息地中记录的个体数量。多样性是根据抽样个体进行评估的。如果提供了功能/系统发育树或距离矩阵，则该函数将返回功能或系统发育丰富度值。此过程以景观中每个栖息地的不同比例重复多次。我们的方法处理景观中的两种或多种栖息地类型，并处理分类学、功能和系统发育的多样性。我们使用 10 种不同的模拟场景和一个蝙蝠 （Chiroptera） 的经验数据集来测试我们的方法，以评估它们的行为是否符合预期。我们的方法在所有情景和经验数据集中都按预期执行（还考虑了后一种情况下的功能和系统发育多样性）。新方法的一个主要优势是可以使用两种以上的栖息地类型和不同维度的多样性（即功能和系统发育多样性）的可能性。我们表明，这是在景观规划背景下评估生物多样性变化的宝贵工具，有助于促进更可持续的景观，这些景观通常由具有混合生物多样性组成的多种栖息地类型组成。