Climate and land‐use changes are contributing to impacts on global ecosystem functioning. These effects are particularly severe in areas undergoing land abandonment and extreme wildfire events, such as the Mediterranean regions of the Iberian Peninsula. Previous studies have evaluated the impacts of land management on fire mitigation and biodiversity (species distribution and species richness), but how such strategies influence functional diversity remains unexplored. This study investigates how alternative land‐fire management strategies may affect functional diversity. We modeled for 2050 for the Transboundary Biosphere Reserve Gerês‐Xurés (Portugal‐Spain). Land‐use scenarios simulated processes of land abandonment (“business‐as‐usual”—BAU) and the implementation of EU rural policies (“high nature value farmlands”—HNVf), and were combined with three fire suppression levels. Species distribution models (102 vertebrates) were projected to each scenario, and functional diversity indices were consequently calculated. The highest functional richness was predicted for BAU scenarios, probably representing the benefits to unique species that deliver singular functions. The HNVf scenarios provided the highest functional divergence, probably indicating a high niche differentiation and low resource competition amongst agricultural communities. HNVf was the most beneficial scenario for ecosystem functioning, while fire suppression did not affect functional diversity. Despite the proneness to burn of our study area and the effects of firefighting on its fire regime, land‐use policies are expected to have greater influence than fire suppression effects on functional diversity. These findings suggest that different facets of functional diversity will be unevenly influenced by fire–landscape dynamics driven by the land‐use policies to be implemented in the upcoming decades.

中文翻译：

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揭示景观-火相互作用对南欧山脉功能多样性的影响


气候和土地利用的变化正在对全球生态系统功能产生影响。这些影响在遭受土地撂荒和极端野火事件的地区尤其严重，例如伊比利亚半岛的地中海地区。以前的研究已经评估了土地管理对防火和生物多样性（物种分布和物种丰富度）的影响，但这些策略如何影响功能多样性仍未得到探索。本研究调查了替代性土地火灾管理策略如何影响功能多样性。我们为 2050 年跨界生物圈保护区 Gerês-Xurés（葡萄牙-西班牙）建模。土地利用情景模拟了土地撂荒（“一切照旧”——BAU）和欧盟农村政策实施（“高自然价值农田”——HNVf）的过程，并与三个灭火级别相结合。将物种分布模型（102 只脊椎动物）投影到每个情景，并因此计算功能多样性指数。在 BAU 情景中预测了最高的功能丰富度，这可能代表了提供奇异功能的独特物种的好处。HNVf 情景提供了最高的功能差异，可能表明农业群落之间存在高度的生态位分化和较低的资源竞争。HNVf 是生态系统功能最有利的情景，而灭火不影响功能多样性。尽管我们的研究区域容易燃烧并且消防对其火灾状况有影响，但预计土地利用政策对功能多样性的影响将大于灭火效果。 这些发现表明，功能多样性的不同方面将受到未来几十年将要实施的土地利用政策驱动的火灾-景观动态的不均衡影响。