As a promising dark matter candidate, primordial black holes (PBHs) lighter than ∼ 10-18M⊙ are supposed to have evaporated by today through Hawking radiation. This scenario is challenged by the memory burden effect, which suggests that the evaporation of black holes may slow down significantly after they have emitted about half of their initial mass. We explore the astrophysical implications of the memory burden effect on the PBH abundance by today and the possibility for PBHs lighter than ∼ 10-18M⊙ to persist as dark matter. Our analysis utilizes current LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA data to constrain the primordial power spectrum and infer the PBH abundance. We find a null detection of scalar-induced gravitational waves that accompanied the formation of the PBHs. Then we find that PBHs are ruled out within the mass range ∼ [10-24,10-19]M⊙. Furthermore, we expect that next-generation gravitational wave detectors, such as the Einstein Telescope and the Cosmic Explorer, will provide even more stringent constraints. Our results indicate that future detectors can reach sensitivities that could rule out PBH as dark matter within ∼ [10-29M⊙,10-16M⊙] in the null detection of scalar-induced gravitational waves.

中文翻译：

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来自 Advanced LIGO 和 Virgo 前三次观测运行的标量诱导引力波对原始黑洞丰度的限制


作为一种很有前途的暗物质候选者，比 ∼ 10-18M⊙ 轻的原始黑洞 （PBH） 应该在今天已经通过霍金辐射蒸发了。这种情况受到记忆负担效应的挑战，该效应表明黑洞的蒸发在发射了大约其初始质量的一半后可能会显着减慢。我们探讨了记忆负担效应对当今 PBH 丰度的天体物理学影响，以及轻于 ∼ 10-18M⊙ 的 PBH 作为暗物质持续存在的可能性。我们的分析利用当前的 LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA 数据来限制原始功率谱并推断 PBH 丰度。我们发现伴随 PBH 形成的标量诱导引力波的检测为零。然后我们发现 PBH 在 ∼ [10-24,10-19]M⊙ 的质量范围内被排除在外。此外，我们预计下一代引力波探测器，如爱因斯坦望远镜和宇宙探测器，将提供更严格的约束。我们的结果表明，在标量诱导引力波的零探测中，未来的探测器可以达到可以排除 PBH 在 ∼ [10-29M⊙，10-16M⊙] 范围内的暗物质的灵敏度。