Flaxseed linusorb (FL) has gradually garnered widespread attention in recent years because of its intriguing bioactivities like anti-inflammation, antimelanogenesis, and even anticancer effects. Based on its proven in vitro anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism, it is supposed that FL may also exhibit an in vivo effect in treating and preventing rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) rat models were established to investigate the potential therapeutic effect of FL, which were intervened with FL via gavage (50 and 100 mg/kg B.W.) and intraperitoneal injection (10 and 20 mg/kg B.W.). After FL treatment, RA clinical symptoms were significantly alleviated, including reduced toe swelling volume and mitigated bone damage in CIA rats. Moreover, a decline in the expression of pro-inflammatory factors (i.e., TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6) and RA-related proteins (i.e., MMP-3, COX-2, and 5-LOX) was observed to effectively block the TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK signaling pathway. In addition, FL was discovered to modulate the diversity and composition of intestinal microbiota in CIA rats, where the level of g_Parvibacte, g_Allobaculum, g_Enterococcus, and unclassified_o_Lactobacillales could be significantly increased, whereas the level of Gram-negative bacteria g_Parabacteroides, g_Parasutterella, and g_Paludicola was notably reduced. In conclusion, FL shows promise in RA treatment by inhibiting inflammatory pathways and regulating the gut microbiota.

中文翻译：

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Flaxseed Linusorb 通过抑制 TLR4/NF-κb/MAPK 信号通路和调节肠道菌群来缓解胶原蛋白诱导的大鼠类风湿性关节炎


亚麻籽 linusorb （FL） 近年来因其有趣的生物活性（如抗炎、抗黑色素生成甚至抗癌作用）而逐渐受到广泛关注。基于其经过验证的体外抗炎活性和机制，据推测 FL 也可能在治疗和预防类风湿性关节炎 （RA） 方面表现出体内作用。建立胶原诱导的关节炎 （CIA） 大鼠模型以研究 FL 的潜在治疗效果，通过管饲法 （50 和 100 mg/kg B.W.） 和腹膜内注射 （10 和 20 mg/kg B.W.） 干预 FL。FL 治疗后，CIA 大鼠 RA 临床症状明显缓解，包括脚趾肿胀体积减少和骨损伤减轻。此外，观察到促炎因子 （即 TNF-α、IL-1β 和 IL-6） 和 RA 相关蛋白 （即 MMP-3 、 COX-2 和 5-LOX） 的表达下降，有效阻断了 TLR4/NF-κB/MAPK 信号通路。此外，发现 FL 可调节 CIA 大鼠肠道微生物群的多样性和组成，其中 g_Parvibacte、g_Allobaculum、g_Enterococcus 和 unclassified_o_Lactobacillales 水平可显着增加，而革兰氏阴性菌的水平g_Parabacteroides、g_Parasutterella 和 g_Paludicola显著减少。总之，FL 通过抑制炎症途径和调节肠道微生物群在 RA 治疗中显示出前景。